Do fast food restaurants cluster around high schools? A geospatial analysis of proximity of fast food restaurants to high schools and the connection to childhood obesity rates

Nixon, Hilary; Doud, Lauren

doi:10.5304/jafscd.2011.021.007

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nineteen of these positive relationships were significant, with most in the expected direction after adjustments. These included positive associations between exposure to fast food outlets and BMI , obesity and the proportion of overweight or obese students. Positive associations were also observed between the presence of ‘unhealthy outlets’ (convenience stores and takeaways) and adiposity among girls who walk or cycle to school or convenience stores and proportion of overweight students .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the influence of the retail food environment around schools on obesity‐related outcomes

et al. 2014

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SummaryThe high prevalence of childhood obesity has led to questions about the influence of 'obesogenic' environments on children's health. Public health interventions targeting the retail food environment around schools have been proposed, but it is unclear if they are evidence based. This systematic review investigates associations between food outlets near schools and children's food purchases, consumption and body weight. We conducted a keyword search in 10 databases. Inclusion criteria required papers to be peer reviewed, to measure retailing around schools and to measure obesity-related outcomes among schoolchildren. Thirty papers were included. This review found very little evidence for an effect of the retail food environment surrounding schools on food purchases and consumption, but some evidence of an effect on body weight. Given the general lack of evidence for association with the mediating variables of food purchases and consumption, and the observational nature of the included studies, it is possible that the effect on body weight is a result of residual confounding. Most of the included studies did not consider individual children's journeys through the food environment, suggesting that predominant exposure measures may not account for what individual children actually experience. These findings suggest that future interventions targeting the food environment around schools need careful evaluation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the influence of the retail food environment around schools on obesity‐related outcomes

et al. 2014

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“…ese types of foods show negative health effects (obesity, metabolic disorder, and high cholesterol) in children [3][4][5]. Even so, consumption of junk food has been increasing by fivefold among adolescents in the last three decades [6][7][8]. is is due to its good taste, easy availability, affordable cost, choices, and flavor [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Intervention of Intention Change for Consumption of Junk Food among School Adolescents in Birgunj Metropolitan City, Nepal, Based on Theory of Planned Behaviors

Singh¹,

Gautam²,

Bhandari

et al. 2020

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Consumption of junk food among adolescents has been recognized as a serious health problem in the world. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention program (interactive lecture) based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for reducing junk food consumption among school adolescents in Birgunj Metropolitan City, Nepal. A structured questionnaire was deployed for collecting the data from four government schools. Pretest and Posttest group study design and simple random sampling techniques were used. A multiple linear regression model and a paired t-test were used to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention program. The theory of planned behavior indicates that behavioral intention of junk food consumption was different in pretest and posttest [5.43 ± 1.3 and 7.96 ± 0.3]. Furthermore, the average score of attitude toward junk food consumption was 11.9 ± 1.5 and 16.3 ± 1.6. Meanwhile, perceived behavior control (PBC) toward junk food was also different after intervention [2.42 ± 0.50 and 3.13 ± 0.58]. The interactive lecture method was proved an effective education program for changing the intentions of adolescent students and preventing them from consuming junk food which were statistically significant (<0.05). In addition, behavioral intention of junk food consumption, attitude toward junk food consumption, and perceived behavioral control toward junk food were statistically significant (<0.05). Therefore, study concluded that the intervention program has positive influence on the perceived behavior without control group of school-going adolescents.

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“…Further, these impacts may be felt most by children due to their narrower geographical horizons and the lifelong effects on health and wellbeing of childhood experiences [11]. Environments around schools affect children’s health through exposure to hazards such as poor air quality, fast food outlet density, smoking, alcohol and gaming/gambling [12–16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making the urban environment around schools healthier, developing an initial programme theory: an early realist process evaluation of the London superzones pilot

Catt

2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: More than four out of five people in England live in an urban area so the urban environment is an important determinant of health and an important contributor to health inequalities. This is especially true for children, for whom the impacts of their local environment may have lifelong effects. To improve the health effects of the urban environment the London Devolution Partnership piloted multi-agency partnerships focusing on 400m 'superzones' around schools in deprived communities. The intention is for local partners to work together to make the environment within the superzone healthier. METHODS: A realist process evaluation of 13 pilot sites. We used data from programme documents, a rapid literature search, and interviews with lead officers for the 13 local authorities that took part in the programme. Qualitative analysis was used to identify combinations of context, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMOs) that affected the creation of a local partnership and plan. RESULTS: All but one of the 13 pilot sites established a superzone and multi-agency action plan. We identified 12 CMOs that affect the process of creating a school superzone. We present a logic model that describes how these CMOs combine to make up an initial programme theory of superzones. Key aspects of this programme theory include the importance of local partners' priorities, leadership and support from across the local authority, and the flexibility of the model itself. CONCLUSION: The superzones model is an emerging framework for local place-based partnership working to improve the urban environment. However, the success of the model is likely to depend on local context. The evidence presented here could guide the further roll out of the model, and support those local authorities that want to create superzones.

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Do fast food restaurants cluster around high schools? A geospatial analysis of proximity of fast food restaurants to high schools and the connection to childhood obesity rates

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

A systematic review of the influence of the retail food environment around schools on obesity‐related outcomes

A systematic review of the influence of the retail food environment around schools on obesity‐related outcomes

Educational Intervention of Intention Change for Consumption of Junk Food among School Adolescents in Birgunj Metropolitan City, Nepal, Based on Theory of Planned Behaviors

Making the urban environment around schools healthier, developing an initial programme theory: an early realist process evaluation of the London superzones pilot

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