Do eye movements hold the key to dyslexia?

Pavlidis, George

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(81)90044-0

Cited by 265 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Eden et al (1994) found that dyslexic readers had worse stability of fixation on small targets than normal readers and that dyslexic readers' vergence and smooth pursuit eye movements differed from normal readers. It is not clear what to make of these findings because pursuit eye movements are not characteristic of reading.17 The finding of fixation instability was also reported by Pavlidis (1981) and Raymond, Ogden, Fagan, and Kaplan (1988). However, Raymond et al also found that the latency and accuracy of eye movements of dyslexic children did not differ from those of normal readers.…”

Section: Eye Movements Poor Readers and Dyslexiamentioning

confidence: 85%

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Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.

Rayner

1998

Psychological Bulletin

6,014

231

5,590

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Recent studies of eye movements in reading and other information processing tasks, such as music reading, typing, visual search, and scene perception, are reviewed. The major emphasis of the review is on reading as a specific example of cognitive processing. Basic topics discussed with respect to reading are (a) the characteristics of eye movements, (b) the perceptual span, (c) integration of information across saccades, (d) eye movement control, and (e) individual differences (including dyslexia). Similar topics are discussed with respect to the other tasks examined. The basic theme of the review is that eye movement data reflect moment-to-moment cognitive processes in the various tasks examined. Theoretical and practical considerations concerning the use of eye movement data are also discussed.Many studies using eye movements to investigate cognitive processes have appeared over the past 20 years. In an earlier review, I (Rayner, 1978b) argued that since the mid-1970s we have been in a third era of eye movement research and that the success of research in the current era would depend on the ingenuity of researchers in designing interesting and informative studies. It would appear from the vast number of studies using eye movement data over the past 20 years that research in this third era is fulfilling the promise inherent in using eye movement behavior to infer cognitive processes. The first era of eye movement research extended from Javal's initial observations concerning the role of eye movements in reading in 1879 (see Huey, 1908) up until about 1920. During this era, many basic facts about eye movements were discovered. Issues such as saccadic suppression (the fact that we do not perceive information during an eye movement), saccade latency (the time that it takes to initiate an eye movement), and the size of the perceptual span (the region of effective vision) were of concern in this era. The second era, which coincided with the behaviorist movement in experimental psychology, tended to have a more applied focus, and little research was undertaken with eye movements to infer cognitive processes. Although classic work by Tinker (1946) on reading and by Buswell (1935) on scene perception was carried out during this era, in retrospect, most of the work seems to have focused on the eye movements per se (or on surface aspects of the task being investigated). Tinker's (1958) final review ended on the rather pessimistic note that almost every-

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Section: Eye Movements Poor Readers and Dyslexiamentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This issue was brought back into the spotlight by Pavlidis (1978Pavlidis ( , 1981Pavlidis ( , 1983Pavlidis ( , 1985Pavlidis ( , 1991. He reported experiments in Note.…”

Section: Eye Movements Poor Readers and Dyslexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.

Rayner

1998

Psychological Bulletin

6,014

231

5,590

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“…Several previous studies have shown that measures of oculomotor efficiency are related to measures of reading ability (e.g., Eden, Stein, Wood, & Wood, 1994;Griffin, Walton, & Ives, 1974;Juola, Haugh, Trast, Ferraro, & Liebhaber, 1987;Lefton, Nagle, Johnson, & Fisher, 1979;Pavlidis, 1981Pavlidis, , 1983; for a review, see Kulp & Schmidt, 1996). For example, Griffin et al (1974) demonstrated that individuals with poor reading skills also showed poor oculomotor control in a non-reading eye movement task relative to more skilled readers, suggesting that there might be a tight link between oculomotor processing ability and reading ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in the perceptual span during reading: Evidence from the moving window technique

Choi

Lowder

Ferreira

et al. 2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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We report the results of an eye tracking experiment that used the gaze-contingent moving window technique to examine individual differences in the size of readers' perceptual span. Participants read paragraphs while the size of the rightward window of visible text was systematically manipulated across trials. In addition, participants completed a large battery of individual-difference measures representing two cognitive constructs: language ability and oculomotor processing speed. Results showed that higher scores on language ability measures and faster oculomotor processing speed were associated with faster reading times and shorter fixation durations. More interestingly, the size of readers' perceptual span was modulated by individual differences in language ability but not by individual differences in oculomotor processing speed, suggesting that readers with greater language proficiency are more likely to have efficient mechanisms to extract linguistic information beyond the fixated word.

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“…Otras investigaciones han buscado explicaciones más cognitivas, a nivel de los módu-los de procesamiento que se consideran claves en lectura. Estas explicaciones incluyen trabajos que abogan por un déficit del procesamiento fonológico (Lundberg & Hoien, 2001), otros defienden como origen del problema el procesamiento visual (Pavlidis, 1981), el procesamiento rápido de estímulos (Hari & Renvall, 2001;Wolf, 1991;Wolf, Bowers y Boddle, 2000a), el procesamiento temporal (Tallal, 1984;Farmer & Klein, 1995, para una revisión), la capacidad para automatizar los procesos implicados en lectura (Van der Leij & Van Daal, 1999a, 1999b, o incluso, algunos defienden la existencia de un déficit atencional de base (Hari, Valta y Uutela, 1999;Facoetti & Turatto, 2000;Facoetti & Molteni, 2001). …”

Section: ¿Qué Causa La Dislexia?unclassified

“…Orton proponía que la causa del problema estribaría en una disfunción en la percepción y la memoria visual, que se caracterizaría por una tendencia a ver invertidas las letras y las palabras (b por d; es por se). Otras teorías más recientes, en esta misma línea han explicado los déficit disléxicos por un problema en el sistema oculomotor (Pavlidis, 1981).…”

Section: Hipótesis Del Déficit Visualunclassified

Dislexia en Español: estado de la cuestión

Serrano

Defior²

2017

EJREP

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La dislexia es un problema persistente en el lenguaje escrito, que consiste en una dificultad grave en el reconocimiento de palabras. Se caracteriza por un rendimiento en lectura bajo, mientras que no hay problemas en el resto de habilidades, que son normales e incluso superiores en algunos casos. Este trabajo revisa diferentes propuestas que han surgido para la definición y clarificación de las causas de la dislexia. Igualmente, se comenta la heterogeneidad de la dislexia como una característica tanto inter-población como inter-lenguas.

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Do eye movements hold the key to dyslexia?

Cited by 265 publications

References 6 publications

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.

Individual differences in the perceptual span during reading: Evidence from the moving window technique

Dislexia en Español: estado de la cuestión

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