Do environmental provisions in trade agreements make exports from developing countries greener?

Brandi, Clara; Schwab, Jakob; Berger, Axel; Morin, Jean-Frédéric

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104899

Cited by 142 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Empirically, a strong relationship has been established between NRE and surge in carbon emissions (Awodumi and Adewuyi 2020;Pata 2018;Bildirici and Gökmenoğlu 2017). Further, the impact of trade on the quality of environment has been extensively advanced both from theoretical perspectives (see environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven hypothesis, and factor endowment hypothesis) and empirical standpoints (see Brandi et al 2020;Ibrahim and Ajide 2020;Zhang 2020;Kolcava et al 2019;Cherniwchan 2017;Copeland 2013). While NRE contributes to the increase in carbon emissions through fossil fuel (gas, fuel, and coal), the environmental impact of trade was initially studied by Krueger 1991 andShafik, 1994, and advanced by later studies via different channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaggregated environmental impacts of non-renewable energy and trade openness in selected G-20 countries: the conditioning role of technological innovation

Ibrahim

Ajide

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study examines the disaggregated impacts of non-renewable energy (NRE) indicators comprising coal, gas, and fuel, and trade openness (TO) entailing imports and exports on environmental quality proxied by (carbon emission per capita, co2pc) in selected G-20 countries with the conditioning role of technological innovation (ecoi) from 1990 to 2018. The empirical analyses are evaluated using a battery of estimation techniques comprising augmented mean group (AMG), common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG), and mean group (MG), respectively. The following major results are evident from the analyses. First, coal, gas, fuel, and imports increase co2pc while exports reduce it. Second, the unconditional and conditional effects of technological innovation (ECOI) significantly reduce co2pc. These results are consistent with the robustness checks based on CCEMG and MG estimators. On the policy front, promoting technological innovation remains a veritable option to curtailing the devastating impacts of co2pc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaggregated environmental impacts of non-renewable energy and trade openness in selected G-20 countries: the conditioning role of technological innovation

Ibrahim

Ajide

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The existing extensive production mode will mix pollutants into the wastewater treatment system, causing certain obstacles to the terminal sewage treatment technology. Effective forest management should be adopted to achieve energy conservation and environment protection [57,58]. The unit of pollutant discharge intensity of Chinese wooden forest products trade is in Appendix A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Assessment of Imports and Exports of Wooden Forest Products Based on Forest Processing Industry: A Case Study of China

Tian

Vũ

et al. 2021

Forests

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The research on international trade competitiveness is progressing continuously. Environmental factors have been gradually considered in the competitiveness of international trade. However, the green assessment system of international trade competitiveness is not perfect. Building a model based on the trade economy is complex. This study combines environmental pollution data based on the forest processing industry with trade flows. Environmental trade competitiveness, pollution treatment, and trade scale were selected as the three criterion levels to construct an assessment system. The weight and score of each index were calculated by the overall entropy method. The overall entropy method is more comprehensive than the traditional entropy weight method due to introduce longitudinal comparisons of time and category. This method is a dynamic evaluation model with analysis of three-dimensional sequential data tables. The use of this method enables the assessment model to analyze more comprehensively the green level of a country’s trade in wooden forest products in terms of time and product category. The green level of chemical wood pulp and sawn timber trade in China is at a high level. The pollution treatment and trade scale of chemical wood pulp and sawn timber attained a medium level of matching. The trades in particle board, hardboard, newsprint, carton board, and wrapping paper are at medium levels of green. The trades in medium density fiberboard and plywood have poor levels of green and need to improve their green production capacity. It is suggested that China should increase investment in scientific research, as well as establish policies to restrict and treat pollution in the industry of wooden forest products, while increasing the export volumes of products with high added value. China should attach importance to the pollution resulting from the manufacture of wooden forest products. The state should support policies for these producers reducing production emissions.

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“…Finally, there is a relatively new but growing literature in political science dealing with the effects that non‐trade provisions in trade agreements have on non‐trade outcomes (e.g., Bastiaens & Postnikov, 2017; Brandi et al., 2020; Hafner‐Burton, 2009; Hicks & Kim, 2012; Lechner, 2016; Postnikov & Bastiaens, 2014; Raess et al., 2018; Spilker & Böhmelt, 2013). Hafner‐Burton (2009) analyzes the political process behind the inclusion of human rights clauses in United States and European Union preferential trade agreements, and the relationship between these clauses and real change in signatory governments’ protection of human rights.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to environmental provisions, the study finds a relationship between the signing of PTAs and a reduction in pollution (Bastiaens & Postnikov, 2017). According to another study, environmental provisions in PTAs can help reduce dirty exports and increase green exports from developing countries (Brandi et al., 2020).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of free trade agreements in national markets: Evidence from the telecommunications sector in Latin America

Mezarina

2020

Rev International Economics

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In the 2000s, the United States signed free trade agreements (FTAs) with several Latin American countries. These treaties were among the first to contain specific chapters on telecommunications, which seek to promote competition and foreign investment in this market. This paper uses a difference‐in‐differences econometric strategy to evaluate the impact of these exogenous reforms in the telecommunications industry. The results show that the FTAs prompted an estimated reduction of 45.5% in average revenue per user in the subscribing countries, and that this competitive effect was mainly due to the decrease of 34% in the prices of mobile calls. FTAs are not found to have significant impacts on fixed and mobile phone penetration, nor on private investment in these services, reflecting their lower profitability after the strengthening of competition.

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Do environmental provisions in trade agreements make exports from developing countries greener?

Cited by 142 publications

References 64 publications

Disaggregated environmental impacts of non-renewable energy and trade openness in selected G-20 countries: the conditioning role of technological innovation

Disaggregated environmental impacts of non-renewable energy and trade openness in selected G-20 countries: the conditioning role of technological innovation

Green Assessment of Imports and Exports of Wooden Forest Products Based on Forest Processing Industry: A Case Study of China

The impact of free trade agreements in national markets: Evidence from the telecommunications sector in Latin America

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