Do emotions fit the frame? A critical appraisal of visual framing research approaches

Glück, Antje

doi:10.18573/jomec.166

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…In general, emotion classification can be divided into two classes: primary emotions such as joy, sadness, anger, fear disgust, and surprise, and secondary emotions, which evoke a mental image that correlates to memory or primary emotion. In psychology, Tomkins and Ekman connected the concept of emotions with universal face expressions, such as anger, sadness, or joy [43]. Nevertheless, this popular approach received criticism from scholars, such as Feldman Barrett [44], who emphasised the socio-cultural constructedness of emotions, pointing to the link between learning, emotion vocabulary, and emotion awareness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown that a more reliable and quick method of changing the public opinion is to change the emotional meaning and attitude to a particular problem, which is the most effective and quickest way to give a news story more prominence, draw the audience's attention to it and manipulate public opinion [7, p. 129]. Following the views of Antje Glück, who considered mediated emotions as a means and base of social communication [43], we define them as a set of conscious and unconscious emotional reactions of subjects or objects of reality to social and political events discussed in the media. Mediated emotions are mainly used with the purpose of public opinion manipulation, which occurs when a manipulative person (the journalist) seeks power over someone else (the reader) and employs dishonest or exploitive strategies to gain it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotionalisation Strategy in the Internet News Coverage of the COVID-19 Vaccines

Teneva¹

2022

Proceedings of the First Lekantara Annual Conference on Public Administration, Literature, Social Sciences, Humanities, and Edu

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The study encompasses the issues of public opinion manipulation in the post-Covid era. Within the framework of the research, the author delves into the discourse analysis of the most common rhetorical devices used by journalists for implementing the emotionalisation strategy and politicizing the Covid-19 vaccines, including emotional identification with newsreaders, self-presentation as well as appeals to pseudo-authorities. The reliability of the scientific results is supported by the analysis of more than 100 news stories about the Covid-19 vaccines collected from the online versions of the British and US highlycirculated papers. The conducted study shows that emotionalisation of the news coverage of the Covid-19 vaccines is aimed at political decision-making, enhancing or discrediting the image of the vaccines and the countries, polarizing social groups and manipulating public opinion in the digital information warfare. The study promotes deeper understanding of media manipulation tools, thus helping individuals develop media literacy skills.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotionalisation Strategy in the Internet News Coverage of the COVID-19 Vaccines

Teneva¹

2022

Proceedings of the First Lekantara Annual Conference on Public Administration, Literature, Social Sciences, Humanities, and Edu

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“…Thus, Aristotle highlights the importance of an argument's emotional aspect and overcomes the dualism of rationality and emotionality in argumentation. This approach to the role of emotions in argumentation is reflected in modern media studies, which consider emotions as a means of both persuasion and manipulation that journalists deploy in news production (Glück 2018). Thus, these fundamental appeals to 'logos', 'pathos' and 'ethos' can be viewed not only as a way to persuade the audience but also as a way to manipulate public opinion, depending on the author's intentions.…”

Section: An Overview Of Fallacy Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Pseudo-Identification in the Post-Truth Era: Exploring Logical Fallacies in the Mainstream Media Coverage of the COVID-19 Vaccines

Тенева

2023

Social Sciences

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Because of China’s new wave of COVID-19 in May 2023, the issue of tackling COVID-19 misinformation remains relevant. Based on Lippmann’s theory of public opinion and agenda setting theory, this article aims to examine the concept of digital pseudo-identification as a type of logical fallacy that refers to supporting journalists’ opinions with ‘false’ arguments that lack factual evidence. To do so, the study applied computer-aided content analysis, as well as rhetorical and critical discourse analyses, to examine 400 articles related to four COVID-19 vaccines (‘Oxford-AstraZeneca’, ‘Pfizer-BioNTech’, ‘Sputnik V’ and ‘Sinovac’) published on the online versions of two major British and American mainstream media sources between August 2020 and December 2021. The results of the study show that journalists of the ‘The New York Times’ and ‘The Guardian’ used similar logical fallacies, including the opinions of pseudo-authorities and references to pseudo-statistics and stereotypes, which contributed to creating distorted representations of the COVID-19 vaccines and propagating online misinformation. The study also reveals political bias in both of the mainstream media sources, with relatively more positive coverage of the European vaccines than non-European vaccines. The findings have important implications for journalism and open up perspectives for further research on the concept of digital pseudo-identification in the humanities and social sciences.

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“…-the definition of visual framing, which still offers a ground for debate (Brantner, Geise & Lobinger, 2013;Bock, 2020); -the question of generic frames used in textual analysis and whether they are suitable for visual inquiry as well (Coleman, 2010); -the analysis of the moving image (Glück, 2018); -the methodological tools that adequately conceptualise the role of visuals as framing devices (Rodriguez & Dimitrova, 2011;Brantner, Geise & Lobinger, 2013;Geise & Baden, 2015); -the negligence of the unique properties of visual communication in favour of literal descriptions (Bock, 2020). Some of the above questions have been included in academic work on visual framing, however, they have not been adequately theorised.…”

Section: Visual Framingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed approach focuses on the issuer's side, not the decoding of the images by recipients, the process of which is generally based on mentally stored ideas (Entman, 1993). Although the dissertation focuses on media frames, it must be noted that the extent of their influence can only be attested when combined with audience frames (Glück, 2018). Meaning associations do not only arise from news frames, but the audience also interprets them based on their existing knowledge and life experiences (Pan & Kosicki, 1993).…”

Section: Limitations Of the Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual variations of violence – The metonymic framing of violence in the featured images of online news about Africa

Nagy-Béni

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As early as 2009, Forceville pointed out that the examination of non-verbal metonymies is more suitable for revealing their inherent power and nuanced, unnoticed effects than the analysis of their verbal counterparts. Although the ubiquity of (verbal) metonymy logically implies the frequent occurrence of nonverbal manifestations, visual metonymies have so far been pushed into the background behind verbal counterparts (Benczes, 2019). This does not mean that there is no discourse on visual metonymies at all, in fact this discourse is becoming more and more active. One of the most productive “sites” of visual metonymies is the world of advertising (see Qui, 2013; Pérez-Sobrino, 2016; Kashanizadeh & Forceville, 2020; Chatti, 2022; Hidalgo-Downing & O’Dowd, 2023). Others have identified visual metonymies in children’s books (Guijarro, 2019; Puspitasari, 2022) and in political campaigns (Goehring, Renegar & Puhl, 2017; Benczes, 2019; Tasić & Stamenković, 2022). The puzzle is more about the exact steps along which visual metonymies can be identified, because authors do not offer details about the process and aspects of analysis and identification. The dissertation specifically focuses on the rhetorical function of visual metonymies, namely the fact that they highlight certain features of a given phenomenon, while relegating others to the background. This characteristic makes metonymy an effective framing device. Although the mentioned studies all imply that visual metonymies are effective framing tools, visual metonymic framing has not yet been defined. The thesis reflects on both the theoretical (i.e., lack of definition) and methodological (i.e., lack of analytical framework) shortcoming by examining the potential inherent in visual metonymic framing in the light of the news genre, more specifically, violent news about Africa. To account for the research niche, an analytical framework, examining the substitutions through which violence is depicted in online news via detecting the metonymic relations of the Action ICM and the metonymies of the Complex event ICM, was set up. The model was validated on a sample of 289 units of analysis. The sample, including articles from BBC Africa and CNN Africa in the period 2011-2020, was compiled in a semi-automated manner. First of all, the results revealed that the INITIAL SUBEVENT FOR COMPLEX EVENT and FINAL SUBEVENT FOR COMPLEX EVENT metonymies greatly outweigh the CENTRAL SUBEVENT FOR COMPLEX EVENT metonymy, thus supporting the related hypothesis. Second of all, the obtained results highlight that the AGENT FOR ACTION and PATIENT FOR ACTION metonymic relationships are responsible for more than half of all the metonymic relations detected in the images. Although the proportion of RESULT FOR ACTION and INSTRUMENT FOR ACTION relationships in themselves is not negligible, overall, an anthropocentric result (driven by AGENT FOR ACTION and PATIENT FOR ACTION) emerged. This finding also supports the related hypothesis. Based on the findings, it can be said that the visual representation of violence in online news is a very fertile ground for the analysis of metonymic framing, since the display of violence is limited in several aspects, so news portals are forced to depict the events through substitutions. The analysed sample suggests that the majority of the substitutions strive to humanize the events, giving way to the emotional involvement of the readers (via the HUMAN OVER NON HUMAN principle and the news value of personification and impact). The thesis provides new results in terms of theory and methodology as well. The following points summarize the novelties explored in this research. • Introduction of a novel definition of visual metonymic framing: despite the fact that scholars agree that (visual) frames are often mediated by figurative language types, such as metaphors and metonymies in texts that offer a particular interpretation of events (among others, Burgers, Konijn & Steen, 2016; Charteris-Black, 2004; Catalano & Waugh, 2013; Catalano & Musolff, 2019), no definition has yet been offered as to what we mean by metonymic framing. This niche is even more evident in the literature on visual metonymies. The dissertation reflects on this deficiency by defining both metonymic framing and visual metonymic framing. • Development of a novel model for the visual metonymic framing of violence: although the discourse on visual metonymies is increasingly active, the puzzle is posed by the lack of clearly defined steps along which visual metonymies can be identified in news images. Focusing on violence as a timeless news value, the dissertation advances an analytical framework that lays the foundations for application of the Violence ICM (motivated by the Action ICM and Complex event ICM). • Identification of a novel metaphor-metonymy interaction in news images: the metaphor-metonymy interaction has so far been primarily investigated in advertisements, at least as far as the visual or multimodal scene is concerned (Pérez Sobrino, 2016; Kashanizadeh & Forceville, 2020). Although not the focus of the thesis, the identification and discussion of metaphor-metonymy interaction in the light of news images is a novel result. I trust that the method can be suitable for examining the visual representation of any violent act, given that the analytical framework is specific enough to identify the Violence ICM, but at the same time flexible enough to be extended to the interpretation of visual representations of violence universally. It is particularly important in the present day to examine through which interpretive frameworks the media portrays violent events, such as wars. Thus, the presented model, allowing for the investigation of the narratives (and their implications) that are prioritized by visual substitutions in online news, is highly relevant and novel. After all, violence, conflict and negative events have always been considered newsworthy, they have always represented news values, and this will certainly remain so in the future as well.

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Do emotions fit the frame? A critical appraisal of visual framing research approaches

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Emotionalisation Strategy in the Internet News Coverage of the COVID-19 Vaccines

Emotionalisation Strategy in the Internet News Coverage of the COVID-19 Vaccines

Digital Pseudo-Identification in the Post-Truth Era: Exploring Logical Fallacies in the Mainstream Media Coverage of the COVID-19 Vaccines

Visual variations of violence – The metonymic framing of violence in the featured images of online news about Africa

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