“…In retail, a favourable purchasing environment involves a variety of external and internal components behind the controllable design of retail environment (Kotler, 1974;Turley and Milliman, 2000;Baker et al, 2002;Roschk et al, 2017). This context includes ergonomic and human factors as well as architecture (Bitner, 1992), colour schemes, product and store layout, lighting, temperature, sound, music, aroma and social factors such as the presence of store attendants (Turley and Milliman, 2000;Baker et al, 2002;Shin et al, 2015). Zhou and Wong (2004) describe store atmosphere as the conscious effort to create retail environments that produce specific emotional effects on consumers and increase the likelihood of purchase, suggesting that retailers can actively manipulate such stimuli (Vieira, 2013).…”