Do eating disorders in parents predict eating disorders in children? Evidence from a <scp>S</scp>wedish cohort

Bould, Helen; Sovio, Ulla; Koupil, I; Dalman, Christina; Micali, Nadia; Magnusson, Cecilia

doi:10.1111/acps.12389

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Parity was included as an ordinal variable coded from 0 to 3, with 3 including three or more children, as there is some conflicting evidence from case–control studies as to whether birth order may alter risk of eating disorders [ 28 – 30 ]. Maternal self-reported history of an eating disorder (during pregnancy, or when the study child was aged 7) was included as a binary variable, given the association between maternal eating disorders and both eating disorders [ 31 ] and body dissatisfaction [ 20 ] in children. Finally, maternal depression at 32 weeks of pregnancy (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) [ 32 ] was included as a binary variable, using a score greater than 12 to define a case of depression, as maternal depression has been found to be associated with eating disorders in offspring [ 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do disordered eating behaviours in girls vary by school characteristics? A UK cohort study

Bould

Stavola²,

Micali

2018

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Previous research on eating disorders, disordered eating behaviours, and whether their prevalence varies across schools, has produced inconsistent results. Our previous work using Swedish record-linkage data found that rates of diagnosed eating disorders vary between schools, with higher proportions of girls and higher proportions of highly educated parents within a school being associated with greater numbers of diagnosed eating disorders. We aimed to extend these findings to a UK population-based sample and hypothesised that a similar association would be evident when studying disordered eating behaviours. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children to test the hypothesis that prevalence of self-and parent-reported disordered eating behaviours (binge eating, purging, fasting, restrictive eating, and fear of weight gain), and body dissatisfaction cluster by school. We had complete data on body dissatisfaction, school attended, and other possible risk factors for 2146 girls in 263 schools at age 14 and on disordered eating behaviours for 1769 girls in 273 schools at age 16. We used multilevel logistic regression modelling to assess whether prevalence varied between and within schools, and logistic regression to investigate the association between specific school characteristics and prevalence of disordered eating behaviours and body dissatisfaction. At age 14, there was no evidence for body dissatisfaction clustering by school, or for specific school characteristics being associated with body dissatisfaction. At age 16, there was no evidence for clustering, but higher rates of disordered eating behaviours were associated with attending all-girl schools and lower levels with attending schools with higher academic results. We found no evidence for clustering of disordered eating behaviours in individual schools, possibly because of the small cluster sizes. However, we found evidence for higher levels of disordered eating behaviours in 16 years in all-girl schools, and in schools with lower academic performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do disordered eating behaviours in girls vary by school characteristics? A UK cohort study

Bould

Stavola²,

Micali

2018

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…These were sex, mother lifetime AN, and body mass index (BMI) z-score at baseline (age 10). Symptoms and diagnoses of both anxiety disorders and AN are elevated amongst female adolescents [ 41 , 42 ], and maternal AN has been associated with child psychopathology [ 43 , 44 ]. Childhood BMI has been linked to AN, and found to predict both increased and decreased risk [ 45 , 46 ]; elevated BMI has also been implicated in adolescent anxiety development (e.g.…”

Section: Study Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the nature of association between anxiety phenotypes and anorexia nervosa: a triangulation approach

et al. 2020

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Background Evidence from observational studies suggests an association between anxiety disorders and anorexia nervosa (AN), but causal inference is complicated by the potential for confounding in these studies. We triangulate evidence across a longitudinal study and a Mendelian randomization (MR) study, to evaluate whether there is support for anxiety disorder phenotypes exerting a causal effect on AN risk. Methods Study One assessed longitudinal associations of childhood worry and anxiety disorders with lifetime AN in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Study Two used two-sample MR to evaluate: causal effects of worry, and genetic liability to anxiety disorders, on AN risk; causal effects of genetic liability to AN on anxiety outcomes; and the causal influence of worry on anxiety disorder development. The independence of effects of worry, relative to depressed affect, on AN and anxiety disorder outcomes, was explored using multivariable MR. Analyses were completed using summary statistics from recent genome-wide association studies. Results Study One did not support an association between worry and subsequent AN, but there was strong evidence for anxiety disorders predicting increased risk of AN. Study Two outcomes supported worry causally increasing AN risk, but did not support a causal effect of anxiety disorders on AN development, or of AN on anxiety disorders/worry. Findings also indicated that worry causally influences anxiety disorder development. Multivariable analysis estimates suggested the influence of worry on both AN and anxiety disorders was independent of depressed affect. Conclusions Overall our results provide mixed evidence regarding the causal role of anxiety exposures in AN aetiology. The inconsistency between outcomes of Studies One and Two may be explained by limitations surrounding worry assessment in Study One, confounding of the anxiety disorder and AN association in observational research, and low power in MR analyses probing causal effects of genetic liability to anxiety disorders. The evidence for worry acting as a causal risk factor for anxiety disorders and AN supports targeting worry for prevention of both outcomes. Further research should clarify how a tendency to worry translates into AN risk, and whether anxiety disorder pathology exerts any causal effect on AN.

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“…Family studies indicate that the relative risk for eating disorders is higher in family members of affected individuals; however, the majority of affected individuals have no known affected family members (Bould et al, ; Steinhausen et al, ; Strober et al, ). This literature is limited in that eating disorder history among relatives may not be fully known or accurately captured.…”

Section: Truth 8: Genes Alone Do Not Predict Who Will Develop Eating mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science Behind the Academy for Eating Disorders' Nine Truths About Eating Disorders

Schaumberg

Welch

Breithaupt

et al. 2017

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

193

127

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Objective In 2015, the Academy for Eating Disorders (AED) collaborated with international patient, advocacy, and parent organizations to craft the “Nine Truths About Eating Disorders.” This document has been translated into over 30 languages and has been distributed globally to replace outdated and erroneous stereotypes about eating disorders with factual information. In this paper, we review the state of the science supporting the Nine Truths. Methods The literature supporting each of the Nine Truths was reviewed, summarized, and richly annotated. Results Most of the Nine Truths arise from well-established foundations in the scientific literature. Additional evidence is required to further substantiate some of the assertions in the document. Future investigations are needed in all areas to deepen our understanding of eating disorders, their causes, and their treatments. Conclusions The “Nine Truths About Eating Disorders” is a guiding document to accelerate global dissemination of accurate and evidence-informed information about eating disorders.

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Do eating disorders in parents predict eating disorders in children? Evidence from a Swedish cohort

Abstract: Eating disorders in parents were associated with ED in children. This study adds to our knowledge about the intergenerational transmission of ED, which will help identify high-risk groups and brings about the possibility of targeted prevention.

Cited by 50 publications

References 58 publications

Do disordered eating behaviours in girls vary by school characteristics? A UK cohort study

Do disordered eating behaviours in girls vary by school characteristics? A UK cohort study

Understanding the nature of association between anxiety phenotypes and anorexia nervosa: a triangulation approach

The Science Behind the Academy for Eating Disorders' Nine Truths About Eating Disorders

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