Do Different Vascular Risk Factors Affect All Arteries Equally?

Abstract

This editorial discusses the prognostic role of the established risk factors in different vascular diseases.

Determinants of pulse pressure and annual rates of change in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

“…These findings are in contrast to our results, wherein we observed a directionally proportional increase in PP with BMI. Smoking is a major risk factor for all vascular diseases [3,4,9,10,47]. In our study, the effect of current smoking on PP was only observed in white men.…”

“…Contrary to its role as a risk factor for hypertension, moderate alcohol consumption may provide a protective effect in reducing PP and reduced risk of cardiovascular events. This finding should be evaluated with extreme caution because heavy alcohol consumption has been associated with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, peripheral artery disease, stroke, CHD and other social ills [9,49].…”

“…Numerous risk factors contribute to the development of vascular disease as manifested in atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Hypertension is well established as one of the most important modifiable risk factors for CVD progression [13].…”

Evaluation of the Possible Contribution of Antioxidants Administration in Metabolic Syndrome

“…These considerations have an even higher impact when associated with endothelial activation and dysfunction as characterized by increased levels of circulating oxidized LDL, intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules and CRP, and with the evidence that vascular complications are also associated with OxS events [152]. In addition, the role of OxS may vary depending on the distribution of vascular receptors in different anatomical sites [150,153].…”

Smoking, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, and Ischemic Heart Disease: Is There a Link?

“…12,13 Smoking reverses the beneficial effects of primary and secondary prevention measures; in patients with IHD taking aspirin, cigarette smoking acutely increases platelet thrombus formation. 14 Smoking also diminishes the beneficial effect of statins on the cardiovascular system, 15 besides increasing the risk of developing diabetes mellitus.…”