Do differences in plasticity during early growth lead to differing success in competition? A test using four co‐occurring annual <i><scp>P</scp>apaver</i>

Milberg, Per; Karlsson, Jan; Wessman, Lotta

doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2012.00394.x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…In other cases, plastic trait shifts might not lead to stronger competitiveness (e.g. Milberg, Karlsson, & Wessman, 2014), or might even reinforce resistance of the native community. For example, a "passive" trait shift of the invader caused by limited availability of resources (van Kleunen & Fischer, 2005) can result in greater fitness differences with the natives (Figure 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional trait differences and trait plasticity mediate biotic resistance to potential plant invaders

et al. 2018

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Biotic resistance represents an important natural barrier to potential invaders throughout the world, yet the underlying mechanisms that drive such resistance are still debated. In theory, native communities should repel both functionally similar invaders which compete for the same resources, and invaders which possess less competitive traits. However, environmental stress, trade‐offs across vital rates and competition‐induced plastic trait shifts may modify expected competitive outcomes, thereby influencing invasion dynamics. In order to test these theoretical links between trait distributions and biotic resistance, we performed a mesocosm experiment with 25 non‐native ornamental species invading native plant communities. Each non‐native species was grown with and without the native community under two watering treatments (regular and reduced). We measured biotic resistance as the difference in performance of non‐native individuals grown with and without the community in terms of their survival, growth and reproduction. We quantified overall functional dissimilarity between non‐native ornamental individuals and native communities based on the combination of plant height, specific leaf area and seed mass. Then, assuming each of these traits is also potentially linked to competitive ability, we measured the position of non‐natives on trait hierarchies. While height is positively correlated with competitive ability for light interception, conservative leaf and seed characteristics provide greater tolerance to competition for other resources. Finally, we quantified plastic trait shifts of non‐native individuals induced by competition. Indeed, the native community repelled functionally similar individuals by lowering the invader's survival rate. Simultaneously, shorter ornamental individuals with larger specific leaf areas were less tolerant to biotic resistance from the community across vital rates, although the effect of trait hierarchies often depended on watering conditions. Finally, non‐natives responded to competition by shifting their traits. Most importantly, individuals with more competitive traits were able to overcome biotic resistance also through competition‐induced plastic trait shifts. Synthesis. Our results highlight that both functional dissimilarity and trait hierarchies mediate biotic resistance to ornamental plant invaders. Nevertheless, environmental stress as well as opposing trends across vital rates are also influential. Furthermore, plastic trait shifts can reinforce potential invaders’ competitive superiority, determining a positive feedback.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional trait differences and trait plasticity mediate biotic resistance to potential plant invaders

et al. 2018

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“…There is a vast literature on how different models and species characteristics may be used to analyse the invasive potential of a particular species already before it becomes invasive, and how the invasiveness of individual taxa may be measured (Milberg et al , Wilson et al ). However, even when the biological characteristics of a species is well known it has proved difficult to make such forecasts (Jones , Milberg et al ), and for many alien taxa our knowledge about their biology is clearly insufficient. However, detailed knowledge as presented here about the present situation and how alien species behave here and now are undoubtedly a prerequisite for any prognoses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive plant species in the Swedish flora: developing criteria and definitions, and assessing the invasiveness of individual taxa

Tyler

Karlsson

Milberg

et al. 2015

Nordic Journal of Botany

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In a north European context, identifying invasive species is far from trivial because the vegetation has been influenced by human activities for thousands of years. New species have immigrated continuously since the end of the last glaciation, both spontaneously and through direct or indirect help by man. Still, newly immigrated species may be problematic in a nature conservation context and may harm biodiversity, and cause changes in ecosystem services. In this study, all 721 presently established vascular plant and bryophyte taxa known to have been introduced to, or to have immigrated to, Sweden since the year 1700 are assessed for their invasive potential. The assessment is based on six components considered relevant for their invasiveness: 1) ability to compete in natural vegetation, 2) ability to form dense populations, 3) realized dispersal ability, 4) gene flow to native relatives, 5) time since immigration and 6) distance to their native range. Although the relative importance of these components is context dependent, a compound general index of invasive concern is proposed and calculated for all taxa. The index of invasive concern is validated by comparing it to assessments by a Bayesian Belief Network in which the influences of the same six components are assigned by expert opinions. In addition, rough estimates of the present‐day abundance of each taxon in Sweden are presented. The origin, biology and possible impact of the 150 taxa with the highest index values are discussed. Based on the index of invasive concern, Campylopus introflexus, Epilobium adenocaulon, E. ciliatum, Rosa rugosa, Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum, Orthodontium lineare, Solidago canadensis, Calystegia sepium subsp. spectabilis, Rubus armeniacus and Prunus serotina are identified as the ten most problematic alien vascular plant and bryophyte taxa in Sweden.

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Emergent trade-offs among plasticity strategies in mixotrophs

Archibald,

Dutkiewicz,

Laufkötter

et al. 2024

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Do differences in plasticity during early growth lead to differing success in competition? A test using four co‐occurring annual Papaver

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Functional trait differences and trait plasticity mediate biotic resistance to potential plant invaders

Functional trait differences and trait plasticity mediate biotic resistance to potential plant invaders

Invasive plant species in the Swedish flora: developing criteria and definitions, and assessing the invasiveness of individual taxa

Emergent trade-offs among plasticity strategies in mixotrophs

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