Do dietary soy alternatives lead to pork quality improvements or drawbacks? A look into micro-alga and insect protein in swine diets

Altmann, Brianne A.; Neumann, Carmen; Rothstein, Susanne; Liebert, F.; Mörlein, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.001

Cited by 60 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The funding provided to Dr DiGiacomo as the recipient of a Veski Sustainable Agriculture grant is greatly acknowledged. Increased feed intake (P < 0.05); reduced apparent DM digestibility (P < 0.05) (Newton et al, 1977) Early weaned pigs (n not reported) BSF 0%, 50% or 100% replacement of dried plasma 50% diet improved performance; 100% diet decreased performance (Newton et al, 2005) Weaned pigs (n = 120) Mealworm 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% replacement of soybean meal Linear increase in BW, ADG, ADFI, DM and CP digestibility (Jin et al, 2016) Weaned female pigs (n = 48) BSF 0%, 30% and 60% replacement of soybean meal Linear increase in ADFI No effect on growth (Biasato et al, 2019) Barrows (n = 48) BSF 50%, 75% and 100% replacement of soybean meal No effect on base meat quality measures, increased juiciness (P < 0.05); higher back fat PUFA contents (P < 0.05) (Altmann et al, 2019) BSF = black soldier fly; ADG = average daily gain; ADFI = average daily feed intake; PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Replacing the soybean meal content of growing/finishing pigs diets with either 50 or 75 and 100% BSF meal (partially defatted; 61% CP and 14% lipid) had no negative effect on the resultant pork quality and sensory parameters with improved juiciness in BSF supplemented groups (Altmann et al, 2019). Pigs fed diets supplemented with BSF larvae produced back fat with higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content, likely driven by the high-fat content of the larvae (Altmann et al, 2019). While further larger scale experiments are required to confirm the palatability, inclusion level, growth responses and meat quality of the commercially raised pigs fed insects, the overall initial results are positive.…”

Section: Insect Meal In Pig Dietsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Neumann et al (2018) compared the complete substitution of soybean meal in piglet and grower pig feed with either BSF larvae (partially defatted) or algae meal (Spirulina platensis) and observed no difference in the growth parameters and a superior apparent N digestibility in the BSF diet. Replacing the soybean meal content of growing/finishing pigs diets with either 50 or 75 and 100% BSF meal (partially defatted; 61% CP and 14% lipid) had no negative effect on the resultant pork quality and sensory parameters with improved juiciness in BSF supplemented groups (Altmann et al, 2019). Pigs fed diets supplemented with BSF larvae produced back fat with higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content, likely driven by the high-fat content of the larvae (Altmann et al, 2019).…”

Section: Insect Meal In Pig Dietsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Review: Insect meal: a future source of protein feed for pigs?

DiGiacomo

Leury

2019

Animal

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Are insects the farm animal of the future? A key agenda for agricultural production systems is the development of sustainable practices whereby food and feed can be produced in an environmentally efficient manner. These goals require novel approaches to complex problems and demand collaboration between scientists, producers, consumers, government and the general population. The provision of feed for animals is a major contributor to land and water use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Further, overfishing and a reduction in available land and water resources on which crops can be grown has led to an increase in price of protein ingredients such as fish meals and oils and soybean meals. Determination of novel solutions to meet the feed protein requirements of production animals is key to the development of sustainable farming practices. The Australian pork industry aims to develop production systems that efficiently use available resources (such as feed and energy) and limit the production of emissions (such as manure waste and GHGs). Invertebrates (insects e.g. black soldier flies) are naturally consumed by monogastric and aquatic species, yet the large-scale production of insects for feed (or food) is yet to be exploited. Most insects are low producers of GHGs and have low land and water requirements. The large-scale production of insects can contribute to a circular economy whereby food and feed waste (and potentially manure) are reduced or ideally eliminated via bioconversion. While the concept of farm-scale production of insects as domestic animal feed has been explored for decades, significant production and replacement of traditional protein sources has yet to be achieved. This review will focus on the potential role of insect-derived protein as a feed source for the Australian pig production industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insect Meal In Pig Dietsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Insect Meal In Pig Dietsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Review: Insect meal: a future source of protein feed for pigs?

DiGiacomo

Leury

2019

Animal

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“…Insect larvae require less water, land, and resources to produce versus conventional plant-based feed ingredients ( Wang and Shelomi, 2017 ). Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens ) can consume a variety of different substrates (e.g., pre- and post-consumer food products, distillers’ grains), while generating larvae biomass that is rich in protein and lipids, making BSFL meal (BSFLM) an attractive alternative protein source for inclusion in livestock diets ( Spranghers et al, 2016 ; Altmann et al, 2019 ). Commonly dried after harvesting and ground into a meal, BSFLM contains, on average, 40% crude protein on a dry matter (DM) basis ( Altmann et al, 2019 ), but the amino acid (AA) profile can be variable among BSFLM of different sources and processing techniques ( De Marco et al, 2015 ; Mwaniki et al, 2018 ; Biasato et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and net energy contents in full fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meals (Hermetia illucens) fed to growing pigs

Crosbie

Zhu

Shoveller

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Two experiments were conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA (Exp. 1) and net energy (Exp. 2) in two black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) samples [full fat (FF; 42.5% CP, as-fed) and defatted (DF; 40.8% CP; as-fed)] for growing pigs. Two cornstarch-based diets were formulated with FF and DF BSFLM as the sole sources of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also used and the corn starch:sucrose:oil ratio was kept constant among diets to calculate DE by difference method. In each Exp., pigs were fed 2.8 × estimated maintenance energy requirement. In Exp. 1, 8 ileal-cannulated barrows (25.1 ± 0.41 kg initial BW) were used in a replicated 2 × 2 Latin square design (n = 8). In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 5 days followed by 2 days of continuous ileal digesta collection for 8 hours. The SID of AA were calculated using basal endogenous losses for pigs fed a nitrogen-free diet. In Exp. 2, 8 barrows (23.4 ± 0.54 kg initial BW) were used in a partially replicated Latin square design (n = 8). In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 7 days, followed by 5 days of total urine collection and fecal grab sampling. The SID of CP (80.6 ± 1.1 %) and Lys (88.0 ± 1.4 %) were not different between FF and DF BSFLM. The SID of Arg, Val, Ala, and Pro tended to be less, and the SID of Met tended to be greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P = 0.034, 0.090, 0.053, 0.065, 0.074, respectively). Digestible energy (4927 vs 3941± 75 kcal/kg), ME (4569 vs 3396 ± 102 kcal/kg), and predicted NE (3477 vs 2640 ± 30 kcal/kg, using equations from Noblet; 3479 vs 2287 ± 28 kcal/kg, using equations from Blok, respectively) were greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of NDF and ADF were greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P ≤ 0.05). Both FF and DF BSFLM had high SID for most AA, however, FF BSFLM was a better source of net energy for growing pigs. Therefore, both FF and DF BSFLM could be used as protein alternatives in growing pig diets.

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“…Insects as a source of protein for animal and fish feed Considerable interest has been shown in the use of insects as a protein source for monogastric animals, including poultry (56)(57)(58)(59)(60) and pigs (61,62) . In general, most research has focused on insect larvae, predominantly mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) or black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens).…”

Section: Alternative Protein Sources For Animal Feed and Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of novel protein sources in sustainably meeting future global requirements

Salter

Lopez-Viso

2021

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Global population growth, increased life expectancy and climate change are all impacting world's food systems. In industrialised countries, many individuals are consuming significantly more protein than needed to maintain health, with the majority being obtained from animal products, including meat, dairy, fish and other aquatic animals. Current animal production systems are responsible for a large proportion of land and fresh-water use, and directly contributing to climate change through the production of greenhouse gases. Overall, approximately 60% of the global protein produced is used for animal and fish feed. Concerns about their impact on both human, and planetary health, have led to calls to dramatically curb our consumption of animal products. Underutilised plants, insects and single-cell organisms are all actively being considered as alternative protein sources. Each present challenges that need to be met before they can become economically viable and safe alternatives for food or feed. Many plant species contain anti-nutritional factors that impair the digestion and absorption of protein and micronutrients. Insects represent a potentially rich source of high-quality protein although, questions remain relating to digestibility, allergenicity and biosecurity. Algae, fungi and bacteria are also a rich source of protein and there is growing interest in the development of ‘cultured meat’ using stem cell technology. For the foreseeable future, it appears likely that the ‘protein-economy’ will remain mixed. The present paper reviews progress and future opportunities in the development of novel protein sources as food and animal feed.

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Do dietary soy alternatives lead to pork quality improvements or drawbacks? A look into micro-alga and insect protein in swine diets

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

Review: Insect meal: a future source of protein feed for pigs?

Review: Insect meal: a future source of protein feed for pigs?

Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and net energy contents in full fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meals (Hermetia illucens) fed to growing pigs

Role of novel protein sources in sustainably meeting future global requirements

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