Do Daily Stress Processes Account for Socioeconomic Health Disparities?

Almeida, David M.; Neupert, Shevaun D.; Banks, Sean R.; Serido, Joyce

doi:10.1093/geronb/60.special_issue_2.s34

Cited by 147 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We relied on subjective reports of severity (appraisals) to provide some additional context regarding the stressors, but we acknowledge that we were not able to fully capture the surrounding context of the events. Although previous research has documented that subjective severity is more closely tied to psychological well-being than objective severity is (e.g., Almeida, Neupert, Banks, & Serido, 2005), comparative work has not yet been done with daily memory. Additionally, information on neuroticism and the covariates (i.e., life events, health) was collected 1 to 2 years before participants completed the diary project.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroticism moderates the daily relation between stressors and memory failures.

Neupert¹,

Mroczek²,

Spiro³

2008

Psychology and Aging

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The present investigation extends previous work on the relationship between daily stressors and memory failures in a naturalistic setting by examining whether this relationship varies across levels of neuroticism. A daily diary study of 333 older adults (mean age = 73.27 years, SD = 7.17) in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (see A. Spiro & R. Bossé, 2001, for additional information) was used to examine whether there were neuroticism differences in cognitive reactivity to daily stressors. Multilevel models indicated that on days when people high in neuroticism experienced stressors, particularly interpersonal stressors, they were more likely to report memory failures compared to those who were lower in neuroticism. The findings may have important implications for age-related cognitive decline. Keywords neuroticism; daily stressors; interpersonal stressors; memory failures; intraindividual variability Neuroticism, and the constant elevated levels of negative affect that accompany the trait over years or decades, can lead to a negative emotion "hair trigger" in older adulthood (Kendler, Thornton, & Gardner, 2001;. This process suggests that as people high in neuroticism grow older, they become more susceptible to elevated negative affect. Therefore, they may become hypersensitive to stress. Indeed, Mroczek, Spiro, Griffin, and Neupert (2006) reported that older adults high in neuroticism were the most reactive to stressors (compared with younger and middle-aged adults). More recently, Mroczek and Spiro (2007) NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript neuroticism in older men were associated with elevated mortality risk, which points to the potential of high neuroticism to influence physical health outcomes. Mroczek and Spiro (2003) also found that older men with high levels of neuroticism complained of more memory problems than did those with low levels of neuroticism. Given these findings and the previously documented associations between laboratory-based stressors and cognition (e.g., Lupien & Lepage, 2001;McEwen, 2000;Sapolsky, 1999) as well as naturalistic stressors and memory failures (Neupert, Almeida, Mroczek, & Spiro, 2006a), it is important to examine whether older adults high in neuroticism exhibit patterns of hypersensitivity to daily stressors with respect to their daily memory. Although this process of hypersensitivity is often observed for negative affect, it has yet to be established with daily memory failures. Because the sample in the present study consisted of older adults, we were able to examine this process in people for whom age-related declines in memory (whether real or perceived) might be particularly salient.The tendency of people high in neuroticism to react to stressful situations with high negative affect is called the stress reactivity effect (Bolger & Schilling, 1991;Suls, 2001), and it is perhaps the central concept in understanding individual differences in mood regulation (Mroczek et al., 2006). When people high in neuroticism ex...

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroticism moderates the daily relation between stressors and memory failures.

Neupert¹,

Mroczek²,

Spiro³

2008

Psychology and Aging

Self Cite

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“…Specifically, patients with depression and chronic pain have more severe depression, longer time to remission, poorer remission rates, and more partial response rates [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] compared to patients with depression only. Women who have the added burden of socioeconomic disadvantage face poverty, low educational attainment, multiple life stressors and limited resources, in addition to factors likely interfering further with their treatment engagement and response, such as trauma exposure, chronic life stress, and poor health [14][15][16]. To meet these challenges, tailored approaches that are responsive to the complex, concurrent difficulties facing women with pain and depression are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain

Poleshuck

Gamble

Bellenger

et al. 2014

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…Studies suggest that lower SES increases one's exposure and vulnerability to life stressors thus increasing disease risk (Almeida, Neupert, Banks, & Serido, 2005;Phelan & Link, 2005). Also, internalized racism may play a role in social and psychological functioning, contributing to poorer health through increased negative behaviors-e.g., alcohol consumption or higher rates of psychological stress, depression (Kessler, Mickelson, & Williams, 1999;Williams, 2004).…”

Section: Factors Associated With Health Disparities In Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, previous research shows an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity (Antonovsky, 1967;Hargraves & Hadley, 2003;House et al, 2005;IOM, 2002;Kunst et al, 1998;Sorlie et al, 1995). Research also shows an association between SES and health status (Almeida et al, 2005;Phelan & Link, 2005). Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that SES mediates Patient education is associated with health status and health disparities.…”

Section: Proposed Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Home Health Care: Charting a Course for Future Research

Davitt

2012

Home Health Care Services Quarterly

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Racial/ethnic disparities in health have been well-documented. However, we know little about the existence of or mechanisms that contribute to disparities in home health care. This article proposes a conceptual framework, based on a comprehensive review of the literature, to guide research to understand whether and how disparities emerge in home health care. The framework outlines the patient, agency, practice, and system factors that have been shown to or theoretically could contribute to disparities. Enhanced parity in home health care will impact society by reducing health costs due to morbidity, while directly benefiting minority patients.

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Do Daily Stress Processes Account for Socioeconomic Health Disparities?

Abstract: Findings suggest the importance of considering variation across stressors, particularly implications for self-concept, in understanding sources of differential stressor vulnerability.

Cited by 147 publications

References 24 publications

Neuroticism moderates the daily relation between stressors and memory failures.

Neuroticism moderates the daily relation between stressors and memory failures.

Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Home Health Care: Charting a Course for Future Research

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