Do Cyber Pornography Use Inventory-9 Scores Reflect Actual Compulsivity in Internet Pornography Use? Exploring the Role of Abstinence Effort

Evaluating Pornography Problems Due to Moral Incongruence Model

“…However, such self-labels are important as they may lead to self-stigmatization, 32 distress, or treatment seeking. 3,25 As the way in which "self-perceived addiction" is operationalized has generated some controversy (for a discussion, refer to the study by Brand et al, 16 Grubbs et al, 26,31 and Fernandez et al 33 ), we propose that it is most clearly operationalized as we have described previously. That is, selfperceived addiction is best described as a mental act of self-inclusion within a group of addicts, the measurement of which is not necessarily based on quantitative self-description of behavioral symptoms (such as frequency of use, difficulty abstaining, emotional distress, using pornography as a coping mechanism, or craving).…”

“…We have some findings from outside the United States indicating that the relationship between morality-related variables (eg, religiosity) and symptoms of problematic pornography use can depend on culture. 33,45,46 Validating the model in another cultural context is one of the most important research directions, which was demarked by the authors of the model themselves. 3,31 MATERIALS AND METHODS…”

Abstinence from Masturbation and Hypersexuality

“…They reported that the quality of symptoms explains a significantly higher proportion of variance than the quantity of consumption of Internet pornography, suggesting that the frequency of use should be less diagnostically weighted to better meet the complexity of patients' presenting concerns. Although abstinence from pornography might be regarded as a feasible intervention to alleviate any negative symptoms, no experimental investigations (but a few clinical case reports) have been made to date (Fernandez, Tee, & Fernandez, 2017). propose a two-path model comprising dysregulation and moral incongruence to explain perceived problems with pornography.…”

Self-identification as a pornography addict: examining the roles of pornography use, religiousness, and moral incongruence

“…We also believe the present findings should be considered in light of recent literature related to the CPUI-9, which has been widely used in prior works on self-reported pornography addiction. Some recent works (Brand et al, 2018;Fernandez, Tee, & Fernandez, 2017), have posited that links in prior literature (using the CPUI-9) between moral incongruence and selfreported pornography addiction may in part be a function of emotional distress over use, as captured by the Emotional Distress subscale of the CPUI-9. These authors suggest that past literature may artificially inflate the association between moral incongruence and selfreported feelings of pornography addiction by potentially conflating emotional distress over pornography use with a perceived loss of control over pornography use (e.g., only using the CPUI-9 total score that involves both subscales).…”