2022
DOI: 10.3390/en15010340
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Do COVID-19 Lock-Downs Affect Business Cycle? Analysis Using Energy Consumption Cycle Clock for Selected European Countries

Abstract: On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 epidemic to be a global pandemic. This was a consequence of the rapid increase in the number of people with positive test results, the increase in deaths due to COVID-19, and the lack of pharmaceutical drugs. Governments introduced national lockdowns, which have impacted both energy consumption and economies. The purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: do COVID-19 lockdowns affect the business cycle? We used the cycle clock approach to assess t… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…PUN has been recognized as a source of reduced EC, common with other empirical work, like Bompard et al (2020), Olabi et al (2022), Dong et al (2021), andYasmeen et al (2022), that show that PUN reduces NREC and REC. Our findings of a negative PUN-NREC-REC interrelation are comparable with those of Kufel et al (2022) for the EU nations, Adebayo et al (2022) for the United Kingdom, and Akrofi and Antwi (2020) for African countries, all of which assert that PUN reduces EC. In addition, our conclusions differ from past examinations.…”
Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting
confidence: 72%
“…PUN has been recognized as a source of reduced EC, common with other empirical work, like Bompard et al (2020), Olabi et al (2022), Dong et al (2021), andYasmeen et al (2022), that show that PUN reduces NREC and REC. Our findings of a negative PUN-NREC-REC interrelation are comparable with those of Kufel et al (2022) for the EU nations, Adebayo et al (2022) for the United Kingdom, and Akrofi and Antwi (2020) for African countries, all of which assert that PUN reduces EC. In addition, our conclusions differ from past examinations.…”
Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting
confidence: 72%
“…In addition, health policies based on a high degree of restrictions create a state of uncertainty that negatively affects overall socioeconomic system, and can reduce investments in capital and human resources, decrease consumer spending, and increase public debt in situation of crisis management (Goolsbee and Syverson 2021 ; Coccia 2013 , 2017b , 2021e ; Coccia and Rolfo 2020 ). In fact, strict policies of containment and contradictory scientific recommendations for COVID-19 pandemic have created confusion in many countries because a lot of initial claims are subsequently proved to be false or misleading (Ball 2021 ; Kufel et al 2022 ).…”
Section: Explanation Of Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are other studies that have incorporated energy aspects in real business cycle (Kufel et al, 2022; Narayan et al, 2011; Yan & Shi, 2021). Specifically, Yan and Shi (2021) is based on heterogeneous patterns and cyclical components of clean energy utilisation during business cycle period over 1970–2017.…”
Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%