Do Chronic Diseases and Availability of Medications Predict Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Syrian Refugees in Jordan?

Al-Smadi, Adnan; Halaseh, Hanan Jameil; Gammoh, Omar; Ashour, Ala; Gharaibeh, Besher; Khoury, Laurice Sami

doi:10.3923/pjn.2016.936.941

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Fifteen studies relating to health needs were conducted in Jordan. NCDs [3, 20–24]; women’s health [25–27], mental health [24, 28, 29]; CDs [22, 23], emergency care [22, 30], nutrition [31, 32]; and vaccination [33] were among the studied topics in Jordan. NCDs were reported among the most common health problem in Jordan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These were mainly focused on the significant rates of anemia (51%), chronic malnutrition (19%), and cesarean deliveries (37%) among Syrian pregnant women. As for studies on mental health, articles focused on psychological distress found that it affects 56% of refugees, while the prevalence rate for PTSD and depression was 18 and 30%, respectively [24, 28, 29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the health needs of Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Syria’s neighboring countries

et al. 2019

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Background Health needs of displaced Syrians in refugee hosting countries have become increasingly complex in light of the protracted Syrian conflict. The primary aim of this study was to identify the primary health needs of displaced Syrians in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, and Syria. Methods A systematic review was performed using 6 electronic databases, and multiple grey literature sources. Title, abstract, and full text screening were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The target population was Syrian individuals displaced due to conflict in Syria and its neighboring countries. The outcomes of interest were health needs (i.e. health problems that can be addressed by health services), gaps in health services, training, and workforce. Studies on mixed refugee populations and Syrians displaced prior to the conflict were excluded. Results The Lebanon-specific results of the review were validated through two stakeholder roundtable discussions conducted with representatives from primary healthcare centers, non-governmental organizations and humanitarian aid agencies. A total of 63 articles were included in the analysis. Mental health and women’s health were identified as the greatest health needs in the region. The most common health problems were Non-communicable diseases in Jordan, women’s health in Lebanon and mental health in Turkey. Studies addressing gaps in services found the highest gap in general healthcare services, followed by women’s health, mental health, and vaccinations. Sub-optimal training and availability of health workers was also noted particularly in Syria. Results from the stakeholders’ discussions in Lebanon showed communicable diseases, women’s health and mental health as the main health needs of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Reported barriers to accessing health services included geographical barriers and lack of necessary awareness and education. Conclusion There is a need for an enhanced synchronized approach in Syria’s refugee hosting neighboring countries to reduce the existing gaps in responding to the needs of Syrian refugees, especially in regards to women’s health, mental health, and communicable diseases. This mainly includes training of healthcare workers to ensure a skilled workforce and community-based efforts to overcome barriers to access, including lack of knowledge and awareness about highly prevalent health conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13031-019-0211-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the health needs of Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Syria’s neighboring countries

et al. 2019

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“…51.8% of HH reported out-of pocket expenditures for medical care.Chronic Diseases, Lack of Medications, and Depression Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan, 2013–2014Gammoush et al [32]Cross-sectional survey of adult SR ( n = 765) (> 18 yrs) attending Caritas in 6 cities [self-reported], living in urban areas in JordanN/A71.9% reported not having enough medicationsHealth Service Utilization among Syrian Refugees with Chronic Health Conditions in JordanDoocy et al [33]Cross-sectional survey of adults SR ( n = 1550 HH) in non-camp setting in JordanPrevalence of NCD (21.1%) [reasons for needing healthcare]51.5% sought care from public sector, 38.7% private, 9.8 NGO/charity. Cost was a main barrier for not seeking careAmong those who sought healthcare, 50% reported an out of pocket payment for healthcareDo Chronic Diseases and Availability of Medications Predict Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Syrian refugees in Jordan?Al-Samdi et al [34]Cross-sectional survey of adults SR ( n = 765) (> 18 yrs) attending Caritas health centers in 6 cities in JordanN/A71.9% did not receive sufficient medicationThe Perceived Barriers of Health Care Among a Group of Non-camp Syrian Refugees in JordanAy et al [35]Cross-sectional survey of SR ( n = 196), all age groups in non-camp setting JordanN/A40.4% used PHC, 33.7% public governments, 14.6% private and 4.5 NGOs. Barriers: most frequent is cost followed by structural.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for healthcare needs for NCDs’ patients, the studies which reported on the ‘sufficiency’ of healthcare were conducted in Jordan and showed that, of each four Syrian refugees, three reported insufficient healthcare [29, 32, 34]. Syrian refugees predominantly seek healthcare in primary healthcare centers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of non-communicable diseases among Syrian refugees: a scoping review

et al. 2019

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Background The scarcity of evidence-based research on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Syrian refugees has hampered efforts to address the high burden of these diseases in host countries. The objective of this study is to examine published research on NCDs among Syrian refugees in order to inform future research, practice, programs, and policy. . Methods Using the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey et al., 17 different databases were searched to identify studies reporting on NCDs among Syrian refugees. The number of relevant documents found was 34, with the earliest going back to 2013—2 years after the beginning of the Syrian conflict. Results The majority of these documents were descriptive in nature and only two studies addressed the effectiveness of interventions in the management of NCDs. No studies investigated the prevention of these diseases. Furthermore, only 7 studies addressed the host community and only one research article, conducted in Lebanon, included subjects from the host community. The increasing number of documents over the past 5 years illustrates a growing interest in studying NCDs among Syrian refugees. Examination of the papers showed high prevalence of NCDs among Syrian refugees as well as unmet healthcare needs. Conclusion The findings of this review highlighted the dire need for further research on the burden of NCDs among Syrian refugees. Future studies should diversify research design to include interventions, address the host community in addition to the refugees, tackle prevention as well as treatment of NCDs, and explore strategies to enhance the resilience of the host country’s health system while ensuring quality of care for NCDs. The increasing momentum for research found in this review presents an opportunity to fill current knowledge gaps, which could result in preventing, controlling and ultimately reducing the burden of NCDs among Syrian refugees and their host communities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6977-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Their narratives align with the literature on war traumatic experiences as well as the Socioeconomic status and traumatic experiences were among the many risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases (32,33). Additional studies have found that chronic diseases were comorbid with PTSD, with risk factors including limited accessibility to medicine and employment opportunities (33,34), as Woman 18 notes "We suffered a lot. We were in safety and now it's different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women in refuge: Syrian women voicing health sequelae due to war traumatic experiences and displacement challenges

Rizkalla

Arafa

Mallat

et al. 2020

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Do Chronic Diseases and Availability of Medications Predict Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Syrian Refugees in Jordan?

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of the health needs of Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Syria’s neighboring countries

Assessment of the health needs of Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Syria’s neighboring countries

Burden of non-communicable diseases among Syrian refugees: a scoping review

Women in refuge: Syrian women voicing health sequelae due to war traumatic experiences and displacement challenges

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