Do changes in spring phenology affect earlywood vessels? Perspective from the xylogenesis monitoring of two sympatric ring‐porous oaks

Pérez‐de‐Lis, Gonzalo; Rossi, Sergio; Vázquez‐Ruiz, Rosa Ana; Rozas, Vicente; García‐González, Ignacio

doi:10.1111/nph.13610

Cited by 85 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Various wood anatomical parameters can provide distinct environmental information, as already observed in both broadleaves (Perez-de-Lis et al, 2016; Castagneri et al, 2017b) and conifers (Olano et al, 2012; Bryukhanova and Fonti, 2013). However, together with the well-known similarities between CN and TRW, the observed separation between these two variables and the sector chronologies in PCA, especially for spruce, demonstrates that different signals can also be detected within the same parameter (lumen area in this case) when considering the relative position of each tracheid within the tree ring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Retrospective Analysis of Wood Anatomical Traits Reveals a Recent Extension in Tree Cambial Activity in Two High-Elevation Conifers

et al. 2017

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The study of xylogenesis or wood formation is a powerful, yet labor intensive monitoring approach to investigate intra-annual tree growth responses to environmental factors. However, it seldom covers more than a few growing seasons, so is in contrast to the much longer lifespan of woody plants and the time scale of many environmental processes. Here we applied a novel retrospective approach to test the long-term (1926–2012) consistency in the timing of onset and ending of cambial activity, and in the maximum cambial cell division rate in two conifer species, European larch and Norway spruce at high-elevation in the Alps. We correlated daily temperature with time series of cell number and lumen area partitioned into intra-annual sectors. For both species, we found a good correspondence (1–10 days offset) between the periods when anatomical traits had significant correlations with temperature in recent decades (1969–2012) and available xylogenesis data (1996–2005), previously collected at the same site. Yet, results for the 1926–1968 period indicate a later onset and earlier ending of the cambial activity by 6–30 days. Conversely, the peak in the correlation between annual cell number and temperature, which should correspond to the peak in secondary growth rate, was quite stable over time, with just a minor advance of 4–5 days in the recent decades. Our analyses on time series of wood anatomical traits proved useful to infer on past long-term changes in xylogenetic phases. Combined with intensive continuous monitoring, our approach will improve the understanding of tree responses to climate variability in both the short- and long-term context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Retrospective Analysis of Wood Anatomical Traits Reveals a Recent Extension in Tree Cambial Activity in Two High-Elevation Conifers

et al. 2017

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“…Suzuki et al 1996). In Pedunculate oak, leaf phenology and intra-annual dynamic of xylem formation have often been investigated in different locations in Europe (Ermich 1959;Kitin 1992;SassKlaassen et al 2011;González-González et al 2013a;Pérez-de-Lis et al 2015). According to the literature, earlywood vessels in oak are nearly fully completed before full leaf expansion (Guzicka and Hejnowicz 2006;Pukacka 2006).…”

Section: Relationships Between Leaf Phenology and Earlywood-vessel Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Does tree-ring formation follow leaf phenology in Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)?

et al. 2017

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We monitored leaf phenology and xylogenesis of 12 Pedunculate oaks in northern Poland in 2014. We hypothesized that the individual trees, which differed in size, age and habitat (tree stand or gap), also diverged in terms of the seasonal patterns of leaf phenology and xylogenesis. The samples used for wood formation observations were collected most frequently during the early leaf phenophases (from March to end of June). The transverse sections of the cambial region were cut with a sledge microtome. We counted the number of cambial cells, measured the width of xylem increment and assessed the timing of xylogenesis and earlywood-vessel formation. We found significant differences in leaf phenology and timing of xylogenesis among individual trees. The smallest differences in wood formation among the trees were observed at the beginning of the vegetation season when the first earlywood vessels were detected (9 days). The dates of completion of the first tangential row of earlywood vessels varied by up to 30 days, while for the completion of the entire earlywood dates varied by up to 32 days. The highest productivity of cambial cells (13 cell layers) was observed around the time of bud swelling at mid-April. In the last days of April, the number of cambial cell layers decreased and subsequently increased again when the leaves were nearly fully expanded at the end of May. To summarize, we observed a high seasonal variability in the number of cambial cell layers. Differences in the time of cessation of cambial activity and xylogenesis amounted to 1 month. We conclude that: (1) oak tree-ring widths and earlywoodvessel sizes and numbers may not be sensitive indicators for early spring temperature and spring defoliation; (2) the missing association between leaf phenophases and xylogenesis as well as the phenological variability may be the reasons for the lack of a clear climatic effect on the abovementioned parameters.

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“…Both the timing and duration of growth processes influence tree performance; hence, changes in phenology can significantly modulate crown and xylem development (Rossi et al, 2012; Adams et al, 2015; Pérez-de-Lis et al, 2016). Crown phenology has been widely studied through drought experiments, with delays in phenophases occurring as a result of drier conditions (Ogaya and Peñuelas, 2004; Adams et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem and Leaf Functional Adjustments to Drought in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica at Their Elevational Boundary

Fernández‐de‐Uña¹,

Rossi

Aranda³

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Climatic scenarios for the Mediterranean region forecast increasing frequency and intensity of drought events. Consequently, a reduction in Pinus sylvestris L. distribution range is projected within the region, with this species being outcompeted at lower elevations by more drought-tolerant taxa such as Quercus pyrenaica Willd. The functional response of these species to the projected shifts in water availability will partially determine their performance and, thus, their competitive success under these changing climatic conditions. We studied how the cambial and leaf phenology and xylem anatomy of these two species responded to a 3-year rainfall exclusion experiment set at their elevational boundary in Central Spain. Additionally, P. sylvestris leaf gas exchange, water potential and carbon isotope content response to the treatment were measured. Likewise, we assessed inter-annual variability in the studied functional traits under control and rainfall exclusion conditions. Prolonged exposure to drier conditions did not affect the onset of xylogenesis in either of the studied species, whereas xylem formation ceased 1–3 weeks earlier in P. sylvestris. The rainfall exclusion had, however, no effect on leaf phenology on either species, which suggests that cambial phenology is more sensitive to drought than leaf phenology. P. sylvestris formed fewer, but larger tracheids under dry conditions and reduced the proportion of latewood in the tree ring. On the other hand, Q. pyrenaica did not suffer earlywood hydraulic diameter changes under rainfall exclusion, but experienced a cumulative reduction in latewood width, which could ultimately challenge its hydraulic performance. The phenological and anatomical response of the studied species to drought is consistent with a shift in resource allocation under drought stress from xylem to other sinks. Additionally, the tighter stomatal control and higher intrinsic water use efficiency observed in drought-stressed P. sylvestris may eventually limit carbon uptake in this species. Our results suggest that both species are potentially vulnerable to the forecasted increase in drought stress, although P. sylvestris might experience a higher risk of drought-induced decline at its low elevational limit.

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Do changes in spring phenology affect earlywood vessels? Perspective from the xylogenesis monitoring of two sympatric ring‐porous oaks

Cited by 85 publications

References 51 publications

Retrospective Analysis of Wood Anatomical Traits Reveals a Recent Extension in Tree Cambial Activity in Two High-Elevation Conifers

Retrospective Analysis of Wood Anatomical Traits Reveals a Recent Extension in Tree Cambial Activity in Two High-Elevation Conifers

Does tree-ring formation follow leaf phenology in Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)?

Xylem and Leaf Functional Adjustments to Drought in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica at Their Elevational Boundary

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