Do blood donors read and understand screening educational materials?

Rugege‐Hakiza, S.E.; Glynn, Simone A.; Hutching, S; Bethel, Jim; Nass, Catharie C.; McEntire, R.L.; Hirschler, Nora V.; Campbell, Janis; Ladavac, A.; Schreiber, George B.

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00473.x

Cited by 49 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Evidence exists that individuals often skim over documents longer than 1,000 words. 19,34 Also, a growing literature suggests that comprehension is higher when subjects are exposed to shorter forms. In one study, overall comprehension scores were higher on a shorter and simpler form compared with a longer, more complex form when tested in the product marketing context 35 ; in another study, understanding of all subparts of consent, including purpose, randomization, and voluntariness, was higher using a shorter form for an industry sponsored clinical trial 36 ; "higher objective knowledge" scores were reached in a series of cancer trials when forms were shorter than seven pages in length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length and Complexity of US and International HIV Consent Forms from Federal HIV Network Trials

et al. 2011

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BACKGROUND: Informed consent is required in most clinical research with humans. While federal regulations state consent information should be understandable to participants, concerns have been raised that consent forms are overly long and complex. DESIGN: Consent forms from 2006 HIV network trials sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Division of AIDS (DAIDS), were analyzed for complexity and length. Comparisons were made between US and international sites, template and site forms, adult and pediatric trials, and trial type. How randomization and placebos were explained was examined as these are frequently misunderstood. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four consent forms (21 template and 103 site forms) were reviewed. Median readability was 9.2 grade level, although confidentiality sections were 12.35 median grade level. International sites' forms had lower readability than US forms (p= 0.025), template forms had lower readability than site forms (p=0.046), and adult forms were less complex than pediatric (parent) forms (p<0.0001). Median length of all forms was 22.4 pages; the 85 forms from adult studies had a median length of 27.4 pages. Sections describing randomization were a median length of 53 words. CONCLUSIONS: Consent forms are extremely long, exceeding recommendations for how much information readily can be processed. Networks should consider providing shorter consent templates, consistent with federal recommendations, given that sites' forms are based on these models. Further research should examine whether forms emphasizing key information (rather than providing details about all aspects of the research) improve understanding of research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length and Complexity of US and International HIV Consent Forms from Federal HIV Network Trials

et al. 2011

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“…Half of the young donors are first-time donors; therefore, they lack knowledge about the process. First-time donors, in contrast to repeat donors, are more willing to carefully read the pre-donation material (76 vs. 28%) [9]. They want more explanation and more attention because the blood donation process is unknown to them.…”

Section: Reducing Vasovagal Reactions and Increasing Donor Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast repeat donors have experience and develop confidence because of that experience. 72% skimmed the pre-donation reading material [9], and they do not listen to advice because they feel their risk is low [2]. They may provide 88% of the blood and have a lower risk for a reaction, but they still have slightly more than half of the vasovagal reactions [16].…”

Section: Reducing Vasovagal Reactions and Increasing Donor Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their blood donation experience needs to be optimized for donor safety and to achieve the best blood donor return rates [3,4,5]. Many articles have evaluated the blood donation experience and stated the reasons for blood donation and barriers to blood donation [6,7,8,9,10,11]. The goals of management of young blood donors are to provide an excellent experience for the donor at every step in the donation process, to minimize the duration of the total donation process, to minimize vasovagal reaction rates, to protect against donor injury in those who sustain a reaction, and to maximize donor retention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of Young Blood Donors

Newman¹

2014

Transfus Med Hemother

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The emphasis on high-school blood drives and acceptance of 16-year-old blood donors led to more research on physiologic and psychological ways to decrease vasovagal reaction rates in young blood donors and to increase donor retention. Research on how to accomplish this has been advantageous for the blood collection industry and blood donors. This review discussed the current situation and what can be done psychologically, physiologically, and via process improvements to decrease vasovagal reaction rates and increase donor retention. The donation process can be significantly improved. Future interventions may include more dietary salt, a shorter muscle tension program to make it more feasible, recommendations for post-donation muscle tension / squatting / laying down for lightheadedness, more donor education by the staff at the collection site, more staff attention to donors with fear or higher risk for a vasovagal reaction (e.g. estimated blood volume near 3.5 l, first-time donor), and a more focused donation process to ensure a pleasant and safer procedure.

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“…One possible avenue is the direct provision of more information as educational material regarding transmissible diseases before blood donation, by means of pamphlets, letters and web sites. Efforts to educate donors about such difficult concepts as the HIV "window period" may require further research to understand the best way of presenting this information (Rugege-Hakiza et al 2003). Qualitative research is needed to gauge the true understanding of the "window period" concept and level of test accuracy by donors.…”

Section: ; Rapport and Maggs 2002)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitudes and Motivations Among Blood Donors in São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2008

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Recruiting safe, volunteer blood donors requires understanding motivations for donating and knowledge and attitudes about HIV. We surveyed 1,600 persons presenting for blood donation at a large blood bank in São Paulo, Brazil using a self-administered, structured questionnaire, and classified motivations into three domains as well as categorizing persons by HIV test-seeking behavior. Motivations, in descending order, and their significant associations were: "altruism": female gender, volunteer donor and repeat donor status; "direct appeal": female gender, repeat donor status and age 21-50 years; "self-interest": male gender, age under 20 years, first-time donor status and lower education. HIV test-seekers were more likely to give incorrect answers regarding HIV risk behavior and blood donation and the ability of antibody testing to detect recent HIV infections. Altruism is the main motivator for blood donation in Brazil; other motivators were associated with specific demographic subgroups. HIV test-seeking might be reduced by educational interventions.

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Do blood donors read and understand screening educational materials?

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

Length and Complexity of US and International HIV Consent Forms from Federal HIV Network Trials

Length and Complexity of US and International HIV Consent Forms from Federal HIV Network Trials

Management of Young Blood Donors

Knowledge, Attitudes and Motivations Among Blood Donors in São Paulo, Brazil

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