Do biomedical engineers dream of graphene sheets?

Abstract

Graphene based-materials are leading a biomedical revolution towards the materialization of approaches so far within the reach of science fiction.

Optimization of the Urea Removal in a Wearable Dialysis Device Using Nitrogen-Doped and Phosphorus-Doped Graphene

“…In one study, Meng et al investigated the urea adsorption by Ti3C2Tx, Ti2CTx, and Mo2TiC2Tx and showed that Ti3C2Tx can adsorb ∼94% urea at room temperature . Carbon nanotube structures enable them to be attractive choices for urea removal. − In a series of studies, it has been demonstrated that the enhancement of carbon nanotube adsorptive properties is achieved by replacing a number of carbon atoms with other atoms …”

Side-chain effects on the co-existence of emergent nanopatterns in amino acid adlayers on graphene

“…The self-organisation of biomolecules adsorbed on solid surfaces into ordered nanopatterns is a promising route for the development of a wide-range of graphene-based nano-devices, including field-effect transistors (FET) and optical biosensors, and for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The ability to control this nanostructuring and non-covalent functionalisation of graphene surfaces is a fundamental requirement for achieving this. A key step required to facilitate this control is to elucidate the elementary mechanisms influencing the self-assembly of biomolecules at the graphene interface.…”

“…A key step required to facilitate this control is to elucidate the elementary mechanisms influencing the self-assembly of biomolecules at the graphene interface. [1][2][3]5,[8][9][10] Small biomolecules, such as amino acids, representing the basic unit of peptides and proteins, are ideal structures to obtain fundamental insights into this self-ordering process. 9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Despite these considerable prospects, a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms controlling biomolecule self-assembly at the molecular-level is still needed to enable these advances.…”

“…9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Despite these considerable prospects, a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms controlling biomolecule self-assembly at the molecular-level is still needed to enable these advances. [1][2][3][4][5][6]10 Amongst the elementary mechanisms influencing pattern formation in amino acid adlayers deposited on non-reactive solid surfaces, several experimental and simulation studies have identified inter-molecular interactions as the primary driving force accounting for the formation of ordered supramolecular structures, albeit with additional influences from the molecule-surface interactions. 11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] These inter-molecular interactions could be mediated via e.g.…”

Is Graphene Shortening the Path toward Spinal Cord Regeneration?

“…Since its isolation in 2004, graphene has decisively contributed to narrow the gap between biology and electronics, boosting the development of wide-range biomedical strategies proficient to synergistically combine diagnostic, healthcare monitoring, and therapeutic modalities . The early attractiveness to integrate graphene into neural tissue engineering (TE) applications continues to date because of its inherent characteristics.…”