Do barriers to export vary for born globals and across stages of internationalization? An empirical inquiry in the emerging market of Turkey

Üner, M. Mithat; Koçak, Akın; Çavuşgil, Erin; Çavuşgil, S. Tamer

doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2012.12.005

Cited by 121 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Additionally this study established a high similarity between the export barriers faced by both developed and developing countries especially in the manufacturing industry suggesting that developing nations could learn from their counterparts in the developed nations. Uner et al, (2013) extended Leonidou's model (2004) of barrier classification in conjunction with Cavusgil's (1980) firm classification. Along with the five classifications namely non-exporting firms, pre-exporters, experimental involvement firms, active involvement firms and committed involvement firms, born global firms were added as the sixth classification.…”

Section: Literature Review and Theory Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Along with the five classifications namely non-exporting firms, pre-exporters, experimental involvement firms, active involvement firms and committed involvement firms, born global firms were added as the sixth classification. Based on the empirical data from 2159 Turkish firms, Uner et al, (2013) concluded that the export barriers have not significantly varied from the 1970s and 1980s. On comparing their analysis from Turkey with studies by Shaw & Darroch (2004) from New Zealand, Pinho and Martins, (2010) from Portugal, Suarez-Ortega (2003) from Spain, Uner et al, (2013) Uner et al, (2013, p. 811).…”

Section: Literature Review and Theory Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Export Barriers for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: A Literature Review based on Leonidou’s Model

Narayanan¹

2015

EBER

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Section: Literature Review and Theory Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Literature Review and Theory Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export Barriers for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: A Literature Review based on Leonidou’s Model

Narayanan¹

2015

EBER

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“…While the degree of commitment (or mode of operation) could be lower because most born-globals focus on exporting (Coviello, 2015;Madsen & Servais, 1997;Moen & Servais, 2002;Uner, Kocak, Cavusgil, & Cavusgil, 2013), the second dimension of the Uppsala model, international scope, remains an important decision point for bornglobals.…”

Section: Theory Development and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Diversification and the Survival of Born-Globals

Patel

Criaco

Naldi

2016

Journal of Management

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The staged internationalization model posits that firms internationalize incrementally over time. However, born-globals are less likely to follow a more gradual model of staged internationalization, and they must decide on the scope of internationalization at their founding to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities on a global scale. Because returns from international expansion must be considered along with the risk of failure, we propose that born-globals’ local industry conditions moderate the relationship between the scope of intraregional diversification (geographic diversification within a region) or interregional diversification (geographic diversification across different regions) and survival. Using a sample of 680 Swedish born-globals founded in 2002, 2003, or 2004 and followed until 2010; data from Swedish Customs; and archival performance data, we find that interregional geographic diversification increases—and that intraregional diversification decreases—the likelihood of failure, which declines further when born-globals undertake intraregional geographic diversification under higher environmental dynamism in the home country industry. Conversely, undertaking interregional geographic diversification even when the home country industry is munificent increases the likelihood of failure (marginally significant). The findings are robust to several alternative specifications.

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“…The export marketing literature promotes firms' innovativeness as a critical export marketing capability (e.g., Kropp, Lindsay & Shoham, 2006;Lages, Silva & Styles, 2009) and as a core driver of exporters' international business success (Calantone, Cavusgil & Zhao, 2006). The studied firms did not deny this but did not see it as being as crucial as it is portrayed in the literature (Uner et al, 2013), which can be caused by the fact that their main task is to develop sales on the local market and support the innovative process written down in the strategy of the whole firm. It may be seen differently by parent companies, which are in 100% of cases responsible for innovativeness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

International Development of German Enterprises on the example of the Wielkopolska Region

Śliwińska

Śliwiński

2017

EBER

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A B S T R A C T Objective:The aim of the research is to understand how German enterprises are developingtheir activities and sales in the Wielkopolska region in Poland, in particular to investigate how they perform in terms of sales volume, what the drivers of their growth on the foreign market are, what constitutes the Wielkopolska region, and what the barriers to their growth are. Research Design & Methods:The qualitative research method, in particular the multiple case study approach. The research covers 12 firms and was conducted using the direct interview method. Findings: We found that German firms functioning in Wielkopolska have extraordinary growth rates, over 20% per year, substantially higher than those achieved in Germany, that they did not follow the classical Uppsala model of internationalisation, and that their main sources of growth are their high quality, employees, and innovativeness in combination with the fast growing market of a less developed economy. Implications & Recommendations:The study suggests that in order to reduce or eradicate the barriers to growth of German firms in Wielkopolska, the appropriate authorities should care more about the higher stability and good enforcement of the law and political stability in Poland's eastern neighbour -Ukraine. Contribution & Value Added:The research contributes to the development of knowledge on the functioning of German firms' growths rates in Wielkopolska and factors enhancing and impeding their growth on the practical and theoretical level. Article type: research paper

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Do barriers to export vary for born globals and across stages of internationalization? An empirical inquiry in the emerging market of Turkey

Cited by 121 publications

References 41 publications

Export Barriers for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: A Literature Review based on Leonidou’s Model

Export Barriers for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: A Literature Review based on Leonidou’s Model

Geographic Diversification and the Survival of Born-Globals

International Development of German Enterprises on the example of the Wielkopolska Region

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