Do Aspirin and Flavonoids Prevent Cancer through a Common Mechanism Involving Hydroxybenzoic Acids?—The Metabolite Hypothesis

Sankaranarayanan, Ranjini; Kumar, Dileep; Patel, Janki; Bhat, G. Jayarama

doi:10.3390/molecules25092243

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…It is also commonly recommended in the prevention of heart diseases and colorectal cancer [63][64][65]. Recent study supports "metabolite hypothesis", which assumes that both aspirin and flavonoids (secondary metabolites) as well as diet may protect against colorectal and other types of cancer [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Intake of Dietary Salicylates from Herbs and Spices among Adult Polish Omnivores and Vegans

et al. 2020

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There is a growing body of evidence that a diet rich in bioactive compounds from herbs and spices has the ability to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The consumption of herbs and spices is often overlooked in the studies on food intake. However, measurement of dietary intake of these products, as a source of bioactive compounds, including salicylates, has recently gained much significance. The aims of the study were (i) to assess the intake of herbs and spices at the individual level and (ii) to calculate the dietary salicylates intake from herbs and spices among adult omnivores and vegans. The study group consisted of 270 adults aged 19 to 67 years, including 205 women and 65 men. Among all, 208 individuals were following an omnivorous diet while 62 were vegans. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was designed to assess the habitual intake of 61 fresh and dried herbs and spices during the preceding three months. The five most frequently eaten herbs among omnivores were parsley, garlic, dill, marjoram and basil, while among vegans they were garlic, parsley, ginger, basil and dill. An average intake of all condiments included in the study was 22.4 ± 18.4 g/day and 25.8 ± 25.9 g/day for both omnivores and vegans, respectively (p = 0.007). Estimated medial salicylates intake was significantly higher among vegans (p = 0.000) and reached 5.82 mg/week vs. 3.13 mg/week for omnivores. Our study confirmed that herbs and spices are important sources of salicylates; however, the type of diet influenced their level in the diet. Vegans consume significantly more total salicylates than omnivores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Intake of Dietary Salicylates from Herbs and Spices among Adult Polish Omnivores and Vegans

et al. 2020

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“…Several studies have investigated the mechanisms by which aspirin affects carcinogenesis [ 14 , 22 , 23 ]. Aspirin may exert its effect through the Wnt/B-catenin signaling pathway, cyclooxygenase-mediated synthesis, or the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, where the direct binding of salicylic acid to AMPK results in its activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirin Use Is Not Associated with the Risk of Metachronous Gastric Cancer in Patients without Helicobacter pylori Infection

Kim

Lee

et al. 2021

JCM

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Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication can prevent metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) after the performance of an endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer (EGC). However, 50% of infections persist after eradication, and the identification of MGC protective factors is important. The anti-tumor activity of aspirin has been demonstrated, but its efficacy in preventing MGC remains controversial. We evaluated the effect of aspirin on metachronous recurrence in H. pylori-negative patients. Methods: A total of 4351 patients were evaluated between January 2007 and December 2016, and 2151 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of MGC after an endoscopic resection for EGC. Results: During a 5-year median follow-up (interquartile range, 3.5–6.2), MGC developed in 176 (7.7%) patients, with a cumulative incidence of 89.4% in aspirin users and 92.7% in non-users; this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). The duration of aspirin uses and the occurrence of MGC in both groups were not significantly different. There was no significant difference between groups when the duration of aspirin use was categorized into ≤1 year (hazard ratio (HR), 0.64; 0.20–2.01, p = 0.45), 1–4 years (HR, 1.35; 0.66–2.76, p = 0.41), and >4 years (HR, 1.17; 0.67–2.03, p = 0.58). Conclusions: Aspirin use was not associated with a lower risk of MGC in H. pylori-negative patients. Further prospective studies are needed.

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“…Considering the relatively high abundance of many flavonoids, HBAs can be produced in physiologically relevant amounts. Existing evidence regarding the catabolism of the flavan-3-ol subgroup has been compiled and discussed in recent reviews ( 105 , 106 ).…”

Section: Does Metabolic Transformation Contribute To Flavonoid Bioactivity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Certain Flavonoid IMPS Have a Vital Function?

et al. 2021

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Flavonoids are a vast group of metabolites that are essential for vascular plant physiology and, thus, occur ubiquitously in plant-based/-derived foods. The solitary designation of thousands of known flavonoids hides the fact that their metabolomes are structurally highly diverse, consist of disparate subgroups, yet undergo a certain degree of metabolic interconversion. Unsurprisingly, flavonoids have been an important theme in nutrition research. Already in the 1930s, it was discovered that the ability of synthetic Vitamin C to treat scurvy was inferior to that of plant extracts containing Vitamin C. Subsequent experimental evidence led to the proposal of Vitamin P (permeability) as an essential phytochemical nutrient. However, attempts to isolate and characterize Vitamin P gave confusing and sometimes irreproducible results, which today can be interpreted as rooted in the unrecognized (residual) complexity of the intervention materials. Over the years, primarily flavonoids (and some coumarins) were known as having Vitamin P-like activity. More recently, in a NAPRALERT meta-analysis, essentially all of these Vitamin P candidates were identified as IMPs (Invalid/Improbable/Interfering Metabolic Panaceas). While the historic inability to define a single compound and specific mode of action led to general skepticism about the Vitamin P proposition for “bioflavonoids,” the more logical conclusion is that several abundant and metabolically labile plant constituents fill this essential role in human nutrition at the interface of vitamins, cofactors, and micronutrients. Reviewing 100+ years of the multilingual Vitamin P and C literature provides the rationales for this conclusion and new perspectives for future research.

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Do Aspirin and Flavonoids Prevent Cancer through a Common Mechanism Involving Hydroxybenzoic Acids?—The Metabolite Hypothesis

Cited by 16 publications

References 81 publications

Intake of Dietary Salicylates from Herbs and Spices among Adult Polish Omnivores and Vegans

Intake of Dietary Salicylates from Herbs and Spices among Adult Polish Omnivores and Vegans

Aspirin Use Is Not Associated with the Risk of Metachronous Gastric Cancer in Patients without Helicobacter pylori Infection

Do Certain Flavonoid IMPS Have a Vital Function?

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