Do aggregated harvests with structural retention conserve the cavity web of old upland forest in the boreal plains?

Cooke, Hilary A.; Hannon, Susan J.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.11.023

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Thus, kelo trees can also potentially be an important structural component contributing to the "cavity web" in these forests (cf. Martin and Eadie 1999;Martin et al 2004;Cooke and Hannon 2011). However, in our data only 12 (3.8%) kelos were reported to have a cavity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Dead standing pine trees in a boreal forest landscape in the Kalevala National Park, northern Fennoscandia: amount, population characteristics and spatial pattern

2017

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Background: After their death, Scots pine trees can remain standing for decades and sometimes up to 200 years, forming long-lasting and ecologically important structures in boreal forest landscapes. Standing dead pines decay very slowly and with time develop into 'kelo' trees, which are characterized by hard wood with silvery-colored appearance. These kelo trees represent an ecologically important, long lasting and visually striking element of the structure of natural pine-dominated forests in boreal Fennoscandia that is nowadays virtually absent from managed forest landscapes. Methods: We examined and mapped the amount, structural features, site characteristics and spatial distribution of dead standing pine trees over a ten hectare area in an unmanaged boreal forest landscape in the Kalevala National Park in Russian Viena Karelia. Results: The mean basal area of dead standing pine trees in the forested part of the landscape was 1.7 m 2 •ha −1 and the estimated volume 12.7 m 3 •ha −1 . From the total number of standing dead pine trees 65% were kelo trees, with a basal area of 1.1 m 2 •ha −1 and volume of 8.0 m 3 •ha −1 , the remainder consisting of standing dead pines along the continuum between a recently dead tree and a kelo tree. Overall, standing dead pines were distributed throughout the study area, but there was a tendency towards spatial clustering up to <100 m distances. Standing dead pines were most commonly situated on flat ground or in the mid slope in the local topography. In addition, standing dead pines contributed to substrate diversity also by commonly having charred wood and broken tops. Based on the presence of dead pine snags in different stage of transition from a recently dead pine to a kelo with silvery surface, it seems evident that the process of kelo recruitment was continuously in action in the studied landscape. Conclusions: Kelo trees are an omnipresent feature in natural pine-dominated forest landscapes with important contribution to forest structural and substrate diversity. Because of their longevity and extremely slow turnover dynamics and importance for biodiversity, protection of vulnerable kelo tree populations, and ensuring their continuous recruitment, should be of high priority in forest restoration and sustainable management.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Dead standing pine trees in a boreal forest landscape in the Kalevala National Park, northern Fennoscandia: amount, population characteristics and spatial pattern

2017

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“…In a study of cavity-nesting birds in the boreal mixed-wood forest of northern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Cooke (2009) Lower occupancy of nest boxes by Bufflehead compared with Common Goldeneye may also reflect differences in the outcome of competition with European Starling (Aitken and Martin 2004) that can cause egg mortality as they usurp boxes (Evans et al 2002). Starlings on the Buffalo Lake Moraine appeared to prefer small boxes designed for Bufflehead and occupied between 18% to 47%, even after 1992 when European Starlings annually occupied only <9% of the larger boxes designed for Common Goldeneye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest Boxes Facilitate Local-Scale Conservation of Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) and Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) in Alberta, Canada

Corrigan¹,

Scrimgeour²,

Paszkowski³

2011

ACE

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We tested the general predictions of increased use of nest boxes and positive trends in local populations of Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) and Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) following the large-scale provision of nest boxes in a study area of central Alberta over a 16-year period. Nest boxes were rapidly occupied, primarily by Common Goldeneye and Bufflehead, but also by European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). After 5 years of deployment, occupancy of large boxes by Common Goldeneye was 82% to 90% and occupancy of small boxes by Bufflehead was 37% to 58%. Based on a single-stage cluster design, experimental closure of nest boxes resulted in significant reductions in numbers of broods and brood sizes produced by Common Goldeneye and Bufflehead. Occurrence and densities of Common Goldeneye and Bufflehead increased significantly across years following nest box deployment at the local scale, but not at the larger regional scale. Provision of nest boxes may represent a viable strategy for increasing breeding populations of these two waterfowl species on landscapes where large trees and natural cavities are uncommon but wetland density is high

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“…secondary) cavity users in a cavity web (Martin and Eadie, 1999). One or a small number of key cavity excavators (sensu Cooke and Hannon, 2011) in the web may produce the majority of cavities reused by secondary species (Blanc and Walters, 2008;Cooke and Hannon, 2011;Martin et al, 2004). Retaining structural elements required by key cavity excavators also facilitates retention of the secondary users that depend on excavated cavities (Bunnell et all, 1999;Imbeau et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four woodpeckers (yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus), and pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus)) are key cavity producers in the cavity web for old aspen and mixedwood stands (Cooke and Hannon, 2011). Old forest excavators (woodpeckers, chickadees, nuthatches) are retained in small (generally <100 ha) and large (1000s ha) harvests with structural retention in the short term (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest-site selection by old boreal forest cavity excavators as a basis for structural retention guidelines in spatially-aggregated harvests

Cooke

Hannon

2012

Forest Ecology and Management

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Do aggregated harvests with structural retention conserve the cavity web of old upland forest in the boreal plains?

Cited by 19 publications

References 60 publications

Dead standing pine trees in a boreal forest landscape in the Kalevala National Park, northern Fennoscandia: amount, population characteristics and spatial pattern

Dead standing pine trees in a boreal forest landscape in the Kalevala National Park, northern Fennoscandia: amount, population characteristics and spatial pattern

Nest Boxes Facilitate Local-Scale Conservation of Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) and Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) in Alberta, Canada

Nest-site selection by old boreal forest cavity excavators as a basis for structural retention guidelines in spatially-aggregated harvests

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