Do age-specific survival patterns of wild boar fit current evolutionary theories of senescence?

Gamelon, Marlène; Focardi, Stefano; Gaillard, Jean‐Michel; Giménez, Olivier; Bonenfant, Christophe; Franzetti, Barbara; Choquet, Rémi; Ronchi, Francesca; Baubet, Éric; Lemaître, Jean‐François

doi:10.1111/evo.12519

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…; Gamelon et al. ). Although it has already been shown that the onset of senescence covaries with other time variables to shape the pace of life in mammals and birds (Jones et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Does sexual selection shape sex differences in longevity and senescence patterns across vertebrates? A review and new insights from captive ruminants

et al. 2015

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In most mammals, both sexes display different survival patterns, often involving faster senescence in males. Being under intense sexual competition to secure mating opportunities, males of polygynous species allocate resources to costly behaviors and conspicuous sexual traits, which might explain these observed differences in longevity and senescence patterns. However, comparative studies performed to date have led to conflicting results. We aimed to resolve this problem by first reviewing case studies of the relationship between the strength of sexual selection and age-specific survival metrics. Then, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis to test whether such relationships exist among species of captive ruminants. We found that the strength of sexual selection negatively influenced the onset of actuarial senescence in males, with males senescing earlier in polygynous than in monogamous species, which led to reduced male longevity in polygynous species. Moreover, males of territorial species senesced earlier but slower, and have a shorter longevity than males of species displaying other mating tactics. We detected little influence of the strength of sexual selection on the rate of actuarial senescence. Our findings demonstrate that the onset of actuarial senescence, rather than its rate, is a side effect of physiological mechanisms linked to sexual selection, and potentially accounts for observed differences in longevity.

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“…; Gamelon et al. ). Although it has already been shown that the onset of senescence covaries with other time variables to shape the pace of life in mammals and birds (Jones et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Gamelon et al. ). These recent findings emphasize that the onset of senescence could potentially better assess the potential costs of sexual selection in terms of actuarial senescence.…”

Section: Survey Of Comparative Analyses Investigating the Relationshimentioning

confidence: 97%

Does sexual selection shape sex differences in longevity and senescence patterns across vertebrates? A review and new insights from captive ruminants

et al. 2015

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“…We thus constrained survival of 1 to be equal to 0.99, and we fitted a Generalized Additive Model to obtain the age-specific mortality curve. Since both theoretical and empirical evidence reveal that actuarial senescence does not start prior to the age of sexual maturity2829, the onset of actuarial senescence was defined as the age at which the annual mortality rate was the lowest between the age at sexual maturity and the age at which 90% of individuals from the initial cohort have died (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analyses of longevity and senescence reveal variable survival benefits of living in zoos across mammals

Tidière

Gaillard

Berger

et al. 2016

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While it is commonly believed that animals live longer in zoos than in the wild, this assumption has rarely been tested. We compared four survival metrics (longevity, baseline mortality, onset of senescence and rate of senescence) between both sexes of free-ranging and zoo populations of more than 50 mammal species. We found that mammals from zoo populations generally lived longer than their wild counterparts (84% of species). The effect was most notable in species with a faster pace of life (i.e. a short life span, high reproductive rate and high mortality in the wild) because zoos evidently offer protection against a number of relevant conditions like predation, intraspecific competition and diseases. Species with a slower pace of life (i.e. a long life span, low reproduction rate and low mortality in the wild) benefit less from captivity in terms of longevity; in such species, there is probably less potential for a reduction in mortality. These findings provide a first general explanation about the different magnitude of zoo environment benefits among mammalian species, and thereby highlight the effort that is needed to improve captive conditions for slow-living species that are particularly susceptible to extinction in the wild.

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“…For example, in free-ranging ungulates, males suffer from a much steeper rate of senescence than females [89]. Such differences have been mainly interpreted as a consequence of sexual selection, with costs associated with polygynous mating systems causing faster senescence in males than in females ( [85][86][87]90]; but see [91]). Indeed, defending a group rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc.…”

Section: (B) Sex-differences In Ageing Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-late life trade-offs and the evolution of ageing in the wild

et al. 2015

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Empirical evidence for declines in fitness components (survival and reproductive performance) with age has recently accumulated in wild populations, highlighting that the process of senescence is nearly ubiquitous in the living world. Senescence patterns are highly variable among species and current evolutionary theories of ageing propose that such variation can be accounted for by differences in allocation to growth and reproduction during early life. Here, we compiled 26 studies of free-ranging vertebrate populations that explicitly tested for a trade-off between performance in early and late life. Our review brings overall support for the presence of early-late life trade-offs, suggesting that the limitation of available resources leads individuals to trade somatic maintenance later in life for high allocation to reproduction early in life. We discuss our results in the light of two closely related theories of ageing-the disposable soma and the antagonistic pleiotropy theories-and propose that the principle of energy allocation roots the ageing process in the evolution of life-history strategies. Finally, we outline research topics that should be investigated in future studies, including the importance of natal environmental conditions in the study of trade-offs between early-and late-life performance and the evolution of sex-differences in ageing patterns.

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Do age-specific survival patterns of wild boar fit current evolutionary theories of senescence?

Cited by 33 publications

References 57 publications

Does sexual selection shape sex differences in longevity and senescence patterns across vertebrates? A review and new insights from captive ruminants

Does sexual selection shape sex differences in longevity and senescence patterns across vertebrates? A review and new insights from captive ruminants

Comparative analyses of longevity and senescence reveal variable survival benefits of living in zoos across mammals

Early-late life trade-offs and the evolution of ageing in the wild

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