Do African-American men need separate prostate cancer screening guidelines?

Shenoy, Divya; Packianathan, Satyaseelan; Chen, Allen M.; Vijayakumar, Srinivasan

doi:10.1186/s12894-016-0137-7

Cited by 116 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Dominicans, with the highest prostate cancer mortality among Hispanic groups in Florida, also have the lowest documented rates of prostate cancer screening (25). As such, the debate surrounding targeted PSA screening recommendations for blacks (26), in light of differences in incidence and mortality, could possibly be expanded to include Dominican populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Mortality in Hispanic Ethnic Groups

Pinheiro

Callahan

Siegel

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

105

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Background Cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanics. The burden of cancer mortality within Hispanic groups has not been well quantified. Methods Cancer mortality rates for 2008–2012 in Florida were computed based on race, ethnicity, and birthplace, specifically focusing on major Hispanic groups – Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Central Americans, South Americans, and Dominicans. Age-adjusted mortality rate ratios derived from negative binomial regression were used to compare Hispanics, aggregated and by group, to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Results 205,369 cancer deaths from 2008–2012 were analyzed, of which 22,042 occurred in Hispanics. Overall cancer mortality rates were lower for Hispanics, 159 and 100 per 100,000 in males and females, respectively, compared to 204 and 145 per 100,000 in NHWs, largely driven by relatively low rates of lung and breast cancers among Hispanics. However, Hispanics had a higher risk of death from stomach and liver cancers, both infection-related. Of all Hispanic groups, Mexicans had the lowest mortality, while Cubans had the highest, with significantly higher mortality for colorectal, endometrial and prostate cancers. Conclusions Compared to other Hispanic groups, Cubans and Puerto Ricans had significantly higher rates. For these longer-established populations in the US, increases in diet and obesity-related cancers are evident. Some groups show excesses that clearly fall out of the common Hispanic patterns, with implications for public health: Cubans for colorectal cancer, Puerto Ricans for liver cancer and Dominicans for prostate cancer. Impact Cancer mortality outcomes in Hispanics vary between ethnic groups. Research and public health strategies should consider this heterogeneity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Mortality in Hispanic Ethnic Groups

Pinheiro

Callahan

Siegel

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

105

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“…It is possible that the implementation of LDCT screening eligibility criteria in its current form may lead to a widening of the disparity in mortality among racial groups in the USA, though this analysis suggests that the current criteria may limit the extent. The concept of precision medicine and precision prevention in terms of screening has been considered for other cancer types, including prostate and colorectal,12 13 while the challenges in applying population-specific guidelines have also been acknowledged. However, combined with recent studies,4 our analysis shows that the inclusion of an individual-based risk screening strategy may increase the representation of high-risk minority populations in lung cancer screening programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential eligibility of African American and European American lung cancer cases using LDCT screening guidelines

Ryan

2016

BMJ Open Resp Res

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IntroductionLung cancer incidence and mortality is higher among African Americans compared with European Americans in the USA where screening guidelines are currently in place and based on age at diagnosis and smoking history. Given the different smoking patterns observed in these populations and the earlier age at which African Americans are diagnosed, it is possible that African Americans will be disproportionally excluded from screening programmes.MethodsWe assessed the capture of African American and EA lung cancer cases using the National Lung Screening Trial, US Preventive Services Task Force and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services eligibility guidelines in a population of lung cancer cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2014 in the Baltimore region of Maryland (n=1658).ResultsWe found an absolute increase of 3.8% (relative increase: 11.5%) of EA lung cancer cases that fell within the eligible screening guidelines when compared with African Americans. This difference in proportions was not statistically significant (p=0.134). However, differences were more pronounced among women, where an absolute and relative difference of 4.2% and 13.6%, respectively, was observed (p=0.083). As more EA are likely to successfully quit smoking compared with African Americans, the inclusion of the time since quitting variable decreased the relative differences in eligibility.ConclusionsCurrent screening guidelines are projected to capture a higher proportion of EA lung cancer cases than African American cases; however, the differences are not statistically significant. Further studies are needed, especially among high-risk populations, to determine if racial differences in eligibility criteria for lung screening will lead to a widening of cancer health disparities.

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“…In fact, African American race is considered a risk factor for prostate cancer and separate screening guidelines are proposed [88]. Similarly, genetic screening of Jewish women starting at age 25 years of age for BRCA mutations has been advised in order to identify women at high risk for developing breast and ovarian cancers in this population with relatively high BRCA mutation prevalence [89].…”

Section: Translational Implications For Cancer Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Differences in Cancer Susceptibility and Survival: More Than the Color of the Skin?

2017

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Epidemiological studies point to race as a determining factor in cancer susceptibility. In US registries recording cancer incidence and survival by race (distinguishing “Black versus White”), individuals of African ancestry have a globally increased risk of malignancies compared to Caucasians and Asian Americans. Differences in socioeconomic status and health care access play a key role. However, the lesser disease susceptibility of Hispanic populations with comparable life-styles and socioeconomic status as African Americans, (“Hispanic paradox”) points to the concomitant importance of genetic determinants. Here, we overview the molecular basis of racial disparity in cancer susceptibility ranging from genetic polymorphisms and cancer-driver gene mutations to obesity, chronic inflammation and immune responses. We discuss implications for race-adapted cancer screening programs and clinical trials to reduce disparities in cancer burden.

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Do African-American men need separate prostate cancer screening guidelines?

Cited by 116 publications

References 33 publications

Cancer Mortality in Hispanic Ethnic Groups

Cancer Mortality in Hispanic Ethnic Groups

Differential eligibility of African American and European American lung cancer cases using LDCT screening guidelines

Racial Differences in Cancer Susceptibility and Survival: More Than the Color of the Skin?

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