“…This expansive advancement in the understanding of the gasdermin family and its activating protease enzymes, such as inflammatory caspase 4/5/11 [ 112 , 221 ], non-inflammatory caspase 3/7/8 [ 222 , 223 ], Cathepsin G [ 224 ] and neutrophil elastase [ 225 ], as well as inflammasome activation [ 226 , 227 ], has further broadened the concept of cell death as critical therapeutic targets [ 228 , 229 ] in host immunity [ 230 , 231 ], microbial-induced hyperinflammation [ 140 , 232 ], cytokine storm syndrome [ 228 ] and autoimmune diseases [ 209 , 233 ], as well as in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [ 228 , 234 ]. Today, program cell deaths (PCD), particularly pyroptosis along with others, such as Necroptosis [ 235 ], Ferroptosis [ 236 ], NETosis [ 104 , 237 ], Parthanatos [ 238 ] and PANoptosis [ 133 , 135 ], have received a lot of attention from all facets of research disciplines. Fortunately, in spite of scrupulous attention to unravel the underlying molecular mechanism, the phenomenon of immunological cell death is still progressively complicated [ 239 ].…”