Dna Systems for B-Z Transition and Their Significance as Epigenetic Model: The Fundamental Role of the Methyl Group

Abstract

Epigenetic systems involved in the dynamics of gene expression, which are fundamental to cell determination and function without alteration in DNA sequences, are based on methylation of the N-terminal tails of lysine residues and DNA methylation. We demonstrate the vital importance for genetic transfer by different (hydrogen) networks, suggesting a complex interaction between the two epigenetic modifications. In other words, the methylation of local lysines can prescribe C(P)G methylation, which requires that methylation of histones and DNA are cooperative in carrying out an epigenetic instruction for integrating gene-silencing networks. To give a bio-organic description of the epigenetic coherence between histone and base methylation, we used the well-known B- into Z-DNA dynamics in combination with the unique properties of phosphatemethylated DNA on different levels of chemistry.

Retracted HIV Study Provides New Information about the Status of the <i>in</i> <i>Vitro</i> Inhibition of DNA Replication by Backbone Methylation

“…In a private communication, Iyer confirms the absence of anti-HIV-1 activity with phosphatemethylated DNA's [5] [11]- [14].…”

“…A number of these dimers were used in self-complementary studies. The most interesting ones are the self-complementary phosphatemethylated Z-d(CpG) and B-d(GpC) for both diastereoisomers [2]- [5]. The left-and right handed miniduplexes, respectively, were clearly demonstrated with circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy.…”

“…These studies were helpful for our molecular understanding of one of the fundamental aspects in the dynamics of gene expression caused by epigenetics. In these studies the methyl group plays a dominant role [5] [6].…”

Modified RNA with a Phosphate-Methylated Backbone. A Serious Omission in Our (Retracted) Study at HIV-1 RNA Loops and Integrated DNA. Specific Properties of the (Modified) RNA and DNA Dimers

“…Especially at DNA systems for B-Z transition and their significance as epigenetic model [41]. Closely related is a study with regard to the effect on the B-Z transition of the three different cytosine modifications i.e.…”

Interconversion between Planar-Triangle, Trigonal-Pyramid and Tetrahedral Configurations of Boron (B(OH)<sub>3</sub> -B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> ), Carbon (CH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> -CH<sub>3</sub>X) and for the Group 15 Elements as Nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-NH<sub>4</sub><sup

“…From the foregoing model study it seems acceptable to assume that sterical effects play an important role. The role of these simple compounds is of importance specifically as an essential part of biological systems [20] [21]. …”