DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in C6 glioma and primary glial cells exposed to a 836.55 MHz modulated radiofrequency field

Stagg, Robert B.; Thomas, William J.; Jones, Robert A.; Adey, W. R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1997)18:3<230::aid-bem5>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 62 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…An in vitro investigation into the proliferation of transformed rat C 6 glioma cells, exposed for 24 h in a TEM cell (836.55 MHz RF field, time delayed multiple access (TDMA) modulated), with SARs ranging from 0.15 to 15 mW/kg also yielded no significant increases or decreases in cell proliferation (Stagg et al, 1997). On the other hand, transformed human epithelial amnion (AMA) cells exposed to a 960 MHz signal (SAR 0.02 mW/kg) for 20 min exhibited an 11.7% decrease in cell viability at 5e6 h post-exposure (Kwee and Raskmark, 1998).…”

Section: The Impact Of Rf-emfs On Cell Viability and Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

Gurisik

Warton

Martin

et al. 2006

Cell Biology International

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The use of mobile phones is increasing, which also increases the population's exposure to global system of mobile communications (GSM) signals. Questions of safety and possible biological effects are of concern and to date, remain largely unanswered. In order to examine possible biological effects of a GSM-like signal at a cellular level, we exposed two human cell lines (one of neuronal (SK-N-SH) and the other of monocytoid (U937) origin) to a 900 MHz RF signal, pulsed at 217 Hz, producing a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.2 W/kg. Putative effects were assessed by comparing radiofrequency-exposed cells to sham-exposed cells using a variety of assay techniques. For the cell line SK-N-SH, effects were specifically assessed by gene microarray, followed by real-time PCR of the genes of interest, Western blot analysis was used to measure heat shock protein levels, and flow cytometry to measure cell cycle distributions and apoptosis. Effects of radiofrequency on the cell line U937 were assessed by cell viability and cell cycle analysis. From our study of these two cell lines, we found no significant difference between sham-exposed versus radiofrequency-exposed cells in any of the assays or conditions examined.

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Section: The Impact Of Rf-emfs On Cell Viability and Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

Gurisik

Warton

Martin

et al. 2006

Cell Biology International

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“…The Petkau Effect pathway for free radical production at very slow-dose, low-dose ionizing radiation is discussed by Bertell (1996) as a possible Salford et al (2003) 0.02 50 Induced pathological leakage of the blood-brain barrier Sarimov et al (2004) 0.0054 13.5 Induced stress response in human lymphocytes Schwartz et al (1990) 0.00015 0.38 Affected calcium metabolism in heart cells Somosy et al (1991) 0.24 60 Caused morphological changes in mouse embryos Stagg et al (1997) 0.0059 14.75 Increased biomarker for cancer in glioma brain tumor cells Stankiewicz et al (2006) 24 60 Affected immune function of white blood cells Tattersall et al (2001) 0.0016 4 Changes in hippocampus, part of brain in memory/learning Velizarov et al (1999) 0.00002 0.00005 Decreased cell proliferation Veyret et al (1991) 37.5 Changed in immune function Wolke et al (1996) 0.01 2.5 Changes in calcium concentrations in heart muscle cells Yurekli et al (2006) 0.011 28.2 Affected production of free radicals in rat cells Zwamborn et al (2003) 0.13 Decreased cognition, markers for well-being near cell towers Environmentalist (2012) 32:144-156 149 explanation for damage to DNA in the low-dose, slow-dose conditions of IR exposure following Chernobyl. Free radicals kill cells by damaging macromolecules, such as DNA, protein and membrane.…”

Section: Genotoxicity (Damage To Dna)mentioning

confidence: 96%

The similar effects of low-dose ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation from background environmental levels of exposure

Sage¹

2012

Environmentalist

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The meltdown and release of radioactivity (ionizing radiation) from four damaged nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Nuclear Facility in Japan in March 2011 continues to contaminate air and ocean water even 1 year later. Chronic exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation will occur over large populations well into the future. This has caused grave concern among researchers and the public over the very long period of time expected for decommissioning alone (current estimate from official sources is 30-40 years based on TEPCO in Mid-and long-term roadmap towards the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power units 1-4, 2011) and the presumed adverse effects of chronic, lowdose ionizing radiation on children, adults and the environment. Ultimately, radioactive materials from Fukushima will circulate for many years, making health impacts a predictable concern for many generations (Yasunari et al. in PNAS 108(49):19530-19534, 2011). There is long-standing scientific evidence to suggest that low-dose ionizing radiation (LD-IR) and low-intensity non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (LI-NIER) in the form of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and radiofrequency radiation (RFR) share similar biological effects. Public health implications are significant for reconstruction efforts to rebuild in postFukushima Japan. It is relevant to identify and reduce exposure pathways for chronic, low-dose ionizing radiation in post-Fukushima Japan given current scientific knowledge. Intentional planning, rather than conventional planning, is needed to reduce concomitant chronic low-intensity exposure to non-ionizing radiation. These are reasonably well-established risks to health in the scientific literature, as evidenced by their classification by World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer as Possible Human Carcinogens. Reducing preventable, adverse health exposures in the newly rebuilt environment to both LD-IR and LI-NIER is an achievable goal for Japan. Recovery and reconstruction efforts in Japan to restore the communications and energy infrastructure, in particular, should pursue strategies for reduction and/or prevention of both kinds of exposures. The design life of buildings replaced today is probably 35-50 years into the future. Cumulative health risks may be somewhat mitigated if the double exposure (to both chronic low-dose IR from the Fukushima reactors and LI-NIER [EMF and RFR] in new buildings and infrastructure) can be dealt with effectively in early planning and design in Japan's reconstruction.

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“…The alteration in cell proliferation was observed at 8.1 mW/cm 2 , whereas alteration in cell morphology was noticed at field power density of 40 mW/cm 2 . Otherwise, both, Stagg et al (1997) and Higashikubo et al (2000) did not observe changes in the transit of cells through G 1 , G 2 and S phases, and cell division, immediately after exposure up to 100 h modulated 835.62 MHz frequency wave, SAR of 0.6 W/kg. Nevertheless, the capability of low-power RF/MW radiation to induce reversible alteration in cell protein structure has been proven.…”

Section: And 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of 864 MHz electromagnetic field on growth kinetics of established cell line

Pavičić

Trošić

2006

Biologia

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Considering often contradictory data on biological effects of mobile phones frequencies on established cell culture lines, our study aimed at evaluating the influence of 864 MHz electromagnetic field on proliferation, colony forming ability and viability of Chinese hamster lung cells continuous line V79. Prior to exposure for 1, 2 and 3 hours in transversal electromagnetic mode cell (TEM-cell) equipped by Philips PM 5508 signal generator cell samples were sub-cultivated for one day. Cell samples were exposed to 864 MHz continuous wave at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.08 W/kg. To determine cell growth, V79 cells were plated in concentration of 1 × 10 4 cells per milliliter of nutrient medium RPMI 1640, and raised in a humified atmosphere at 37• C in 5% CO2. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counts for each hour of exposure on post-exposure day 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. To identify colony-forming ability, cells were cultivated in concentration of 40 cells/mL of RPMI 1640 and incubated according to the deliberated experimental protocol. Colony forming ability for each hour of exposure was defined by colony counts on experimental day 7. Trypan blue exclusion test was used to determine viability of cells. In comparison to sham-exposed cells, growth curve of irradiated cell samples showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) after 2 and 3 hours of exposure on experimental day 3, respectively. Both, the colony forming ability and viability of irradiated cells did not significantly differ from exposed "mock" condition. Under strictly controlled laboratory conditions, applied radiofrequency microwaves (RF/MW) irradiation significantly affected cell proliferation kinetics but not viability or ability of V79 cells to form colonies. Sophisticated mechanism of action is intending to be elucidated in the further research which will include insight into the RF/MW related event at the subcellular level.

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DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in C6 glioma and primary glial cells exposed to a 836.55 MHz modulated radiofrequency field

Cited by 62 publications

References 21 publications

An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

The similar effects of low-dose ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation from background environmental levels of exposure

Influence of 864 MHz electromagnetic field on growth kinetics of established cell line

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