DNA Strand Breaks in Human Nasal Respiratory Epithelium Are Induced upon Exposure to Urban Pollution

Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian; Osnaya-Brizuela, Norma; Ramírez-Martínez, Leticia; Villarreal-Calderón, Anna

doi:10.2307/3432784

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Dysplastic lesions in antral squamous epithelium and in squamous metaplastic epithelium located predominantly on the posterior inferior turbinates display p53 nuclear accumulation (30). In addition, the nasal epithelium of both SWMMCresident children and adults exhibits DNA damage as evidenced by the detection of increased single strand breaks (SSBs) (31,32). Levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine are increased 3-fold in nasal cells of SWMMC children compared with control children living in a low-polluted environment (33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell proliferation in nasal respiratory epithelium of people exposed to urbanpollution

Calderón‐Garcidueñas¹,

Rodrı́guez-Alcaraz²,

Garcı́a³

et al. 1999

Carcinogenesis

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The nasal passages are a common portal of entry and are a prime site for toxicant-induced pathology. Sustained increases in regenerative cell proliferation can be a significant driving force in chemical carcinogenesis. The atmosphere in Mexico City contains a complex mixture of air pollutants and its residents are exposed chronically and sequentially to numerous toxicants and potential carcinogens. We were concerned that exposure to Mexico City's atmosphere might induce cytotoxicity and increase nasal respiratory epithelial cell proliferation. Nasal biopsies were obtained for DNA cell cycle analysis from 195 volunteers. The control population consisted of 16 adults and 27 children that were residents in a Caribbean island with low pollution. The exposed Mexico City population consisted of 109 adults and 43 children. Sixty-one of the adult subjects were newly arrived in Mexico City and were followed for 25 days from their arrival. Control children, control adult and exposed Mexico City children all had similar percentages of cells in the replicative DNA synthesis phase (S phase) of the cell cycle (%S). A significant increase in %S in nasal epithelial cells was seen in exposed adult residents in Mexico City biopsied at three different dates compared with control adults. Newly arrived adults exhibited a control level of cell turnover at day 2 after coming to the city. However, at days 7, 14 and 25 they exhibited significant increases in %S. These data demonstrate an increased and sustained nasal cell turnover rate in the adult population observable in as little as 1 week of residence in Mexico City. This increase in cell proliferation is in agreement with other reports of induced pathological changes in the nasal passages of Mexico City dwellers. These observations suggest an increased potential risk factor of developing nasal neoplasms for residents of large cities with heavy pollution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell proliferation in nasal respiratory epithelium of people exposed to urbanpollution

Calderón‐Garcidueñas¹,

Rodrı́guez-Alcaraz²,

Garcı́a³

et al. 1999

Carcinogenesis

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“…However, evidence of notable negative effects on the tissue of the nasal cavity (e.g. Calderón-Garcidueñas et al, 1996Valverde et al, 1997) suggests that deficits in perception are mainly due to damage in the periphery of the system. Consistent with this we repeatedly found that performance on odor identification tests was equally good for subjects from Mexico City and the control population from Tlaxcala.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is highly reactive and interacts with a great variety of organic molecules, including nonsaturated fats, proteins and nucleic acids. Both in humans and laboratory animals, acute or chronic exposure to ozone produces significant damage in the epithelium and the olfactory bulbs (Harkema et al, 1987;Calderón-Garcidueñas et al, 1996, 2009Colín-Barenque et al, 1999). Sulfur compounds also produce pathological changes in the respiratory epithelium.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Intranasal Damage and Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important function of the intranasal trigeminal system is to prevent inhalation of potentially life-threatening substances by reflexively stopping inhalation (Walker et al, 2001;Scheibe et al, 2006) and triggering other protective reflexes, including sneezing, local neurogenic inflammation of the mucosa (Tizzano et al, 2010), and production of tears (Kjaergaard et al, 2004), whereas a major function of the olfactory system is to enable the learning of odors relevant to an individual's particular life experiences and environment (Hudson, 1999). Given the contribution of both the olfactory and trigeminal systems to odor perception via the intranasal sensory surface, and notable pathological effects of air pollution on the cellular structure of the intranasal epithelium (Calderón-Garcidueñas et al, 1996, 2000, 2003b, 2009, we expected that residents of Mexico City would show significantly poorer performance than residents of Tlaxcala on a trigeminal task.…”

Section: Trigeminal Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also of concern is the possible increase in the frequency of lung diseases in populations of children exposed to Mexico City air pollution, given that these exposed populations have a higher potential risk of developing chronic respiratory diseases in their future life (Castillejos et al, 1995;Calderón-Garcidueñas et al, 2000, 2003a. Despite the extensive literature reporting harmful effects on the sense of smell from chronic exposure to potentially harmful substances in different work environments (e.g., ComettoMuñiz & Cain, 1991;Berglund et al, 1992;Hastings & Miller, 2003;Chen et al, 2004;Vent et al, 2004;Zibrowski & Robertson, 2006;Heiser et al, 2010) and considerable evidence of pathological effects of chronic exposure to everyday ambient air pollution on the cellular structure of the nasal epithelium (Calderón-Garcidueñas et al, 1996, 2000, 2003b, 2009), until recently , effects of big city air pollution on odor perception had remained undescribed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adverse Effect of Air Pollution on Odor Perception

Guarneros¹,

Drucker-Colı́n²,

Esquivelzeta³

et al. 2011

Advanced Topics in Environmental Health and Air Pollution Case Studies

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Association between atmospheric ozone levels and damage to human nasal mucosa in Florence, Italy

Pacini

Giovannelli

Gulisano

et al. 2003

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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We evaluated the effects of urban air pollutants on human nasal mucosa over an 8-month period on 102 subjects living in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. A group of subjects living in a city with a lower level of pollution (Sassari, Sardinia, Italy) was also analyzed. Nasal mucosa cells were harvested by brushing, a noninvasive procedure. Half of the cells were used for genotoxicity studies using the alkaline comet assay, and half for morphological studies. The levels of DNA damage in the nasal mucosa were considerably higher (+73%) in the subjects living in Florence than in Sassari. High levels of atmospheric ozone in Florence air correlated with DNA damage, and to the prevalence of inflammatory pathologies of the upper respiratory tract, although the ozone concentrations were below the Italian recommended attention level. Furthermore, higher levels of DNA damage were correlated with a dysfunction in the ability to maintain a normal epithelial cell structure. These data suggest an association between ozone air levels and damage in the upper respiratory tract. It remains unclear whether ozone itself or other associated pollutants are responsible for the observed alterations.

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DNA Strand Breaks in Human Nasal Respiratory Epithelium Are Induced upon Exposure to Urban Pollution

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Cell proliferation in nasal respiratory epithelium of people exposed to urbanpollution

Cell proliferation in nasal respiratory epithelium of people exposed to urbanpollution

Adverse Effect of Air Pollution on Odor Perception

Association between atmospheric ozone levels and damage to human nasal mucosa in Florence, Italy

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