DNA sequences bound specifically by glucocorticoid receptor in vitro render a heterologous promoter hormone responsive in vivo

Chandler, Vicki L.; Maler, Bonnie A.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(83)90430-0

Cited by 686 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Subsequently, they have been found associated with a variety of non-viral promoters including promoters for genes that are developmentally regulated (9)(10)(11). In addition, we have reported that sequences in the intergenic spacer region of the Xenopus laevis ribosomal genes have enhancer-like activity on the RNA polymerase I promoter that directs transcription of the 7.5 kilobase rRNA precursor (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Xenopusribosomal gene enhancers function when inserted inside the gene they enhance

Labhart

Reeder

1985

Nucl Acids Res

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The ribosomal DNA of Xenopus laevis contains repeated sequence elements in the intergenic spacer region that enhance transcription from the adjacent gene promoter (1,2). Previous work has shown that these RNA polymerase I enhancers influence the target promoter when they are in either orientation, at a distance of several kilobases, and only when they are in cis (3-5). In this work, we further show that enhancer activity is unaffected by inserting the enhancers within the transcription unit whose promoter is being enhanced.In addition, enhancer activity does not interfere with transcription through its sequences. The results suggest that the enhancers act at a point prior to the initiation of transcription and that they are likely to be dispensable once transcription has begun.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Xenopusribosomal gene enhancers function when inserted inside the gene they enhance

Labhart

Reeder

1985

Nucl Acids Res

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“…MTV fragments containing the GRE but not the TIE, when fused to a thymidine kinase gene containing its own TIE, conferred to the latter glucocorticoid sensitivity. This activity of GRE persisted even when its location and orientation relative to the thymidine kinase TIE differed from that relative to the MTV TIE (Chandler et al, 1983). Using a similar approach, Karin et al (1984) have characterized the DNA sequences through which glucocorticoids and cadmium induce the human metallothionein-IIA gene.…”

Section: Glucocorticoids Modulate Mrna Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, deletion of the GRE, which also contains the receptorbinding site, does not affect the basal level of metallothionein promoter activity or its ability to be induced by heavy metals. The functional and physical relationships of the putative glucocorticoid target (GRE) with the TIE have led to the concept that GREs are 'receptor-dependent transcriptional enhancers' (proto-enhancers) (Chandler et al, 1983;Yamamoto, 1984a). Enhancers are DNA regions, found in viral and cellular genomes, that increase, through unknown mechanisms, the transcriptional efficiency of genes in a manner relatively independent of their position and orientation with respect to those genes (Khoury & Gruss, 1983).…”

Section: Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of gene expression by glucocorticoid hormones

Rousseau¹

1984

Biochemical Journal

142

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Glucocorticoids control the expression of a small number of transcriptionally active genes by increasing or decreasing mRNA concentration. Either effect can result from a transcriptional or a post-transcriptional mechanism. Induction of mouse mammary tumour virus RNA results from a stimulation of transcription initiation and depends on the presence of defined regions in proviral DNA. These regions bind the glucocorticoid receptor and behave functionally as proto-enhancers. Glucocorticoid-inducible genes can retain their sensitivity to the hormone after transfer to a heterologous cell by transfection techniques. Non-inducible genes can become inducible when linked to the promoter region of an inducible gene. The mechanisms by which the receptor-steroid complex stimulates or inhibits transcription or influences mRNA stability are unknown. Receptor binding to nucleic acids appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition. It is likely that the receptor also interacts with chromatin proteins. This might lead to a catalytic modification of these proteins, resulting in a modulation of gene expression. Development of glucocorticoid-sensitive, biochemically defined, cell-free transcription systems should provide a tool to delineate the molecular determinants of this essential regulatory mechanism.

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“…1), the role of a single RNA element in splicing regulation is usually isolated from its endogeneous gene context and tested in a heterologous minigene, as has been done in studying the control of gene transcription [194,195]. This approach has also proved useful in studying the regulation of splicing by the CaM kinase pathway.…”

Section: Pre-mrna Elements Responsive To Ca ++ Signals In the Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of alternative pre-mRNA splicing by Ca++ signals

Xie¹

2008

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanism

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Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a common way of gene expression regulation in metazoans. The selective use of specific exons can be modulated in response to various manipulations that alter Ca ++ signals, particularly in neurons. A number of splicing factors have also been found to be controlled by Ca ++ signals. Moreover, pre-mRNA elements have been identified that are essential and sufficient to mediate Ca ++ -regulated splicing, providing model systems for dissecting the involved molecular components. In neurons, this regulation likely contributes to the fine-tuning of neuronal properties.

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DNA sequences bound specifically by glucocorticoid receptor in vitro render a heterologous promoter hormone responsive in vivo

Cited by 686 publications

References 35 publications

Xenopusribosomal gene enhancers function when inserted inside the gene they enhance

Xenopusribosomal gene enhancers function when inserted inside the gene they enhance

Control of gene expression by glucocorticoid hormones

Control of alternative pre-mRNA splicing by Ca++ signals

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