As an aid to a more rational classification of small Bacillus phages that contain DNA with terminal protein, we have compared genome size, physical maps, and electrophoretic patterns of the structural proteins of five bacteriophages (~29, 15, Nf, M2Y and GA-1). In addition, we compared tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of the major structural protein of these phages. The results allow the following conclusions. Five small phages can be classified into three groups: group A (~29 and 15), group B (Nf and M2Y) and group C (GA-1). The peptide maps of the major head protein of M2Y and Nf are very similar. On the other hand, the peptide maps of the GA-1 major head protein are not related to those of the other phages. Our present results suggest that although physical maps are quite different in group A and group B phages, the overall gene organization is similar in the two groups. On the other hand, group C phage, GA-l, is considerably different from the other two groups. These results argue that GA-1 phage have diverged very markedly from a common ancestor or were generated through a different evolutionary pathway.Bacillus phages X29, Xi5, M2, Nf and GA-1 are the smallest known bacteriophages which contain linear double-stranded DNA (1-3). The molecular weights of these viral genomes are about 11 to 13 x 106 daltons. The most interesting common features of these phages are that the genomes contain protein at their ends (4), and that the transfectivity of the DNA is sensitive to proteolytic enzymes (5-7).It has been shown that X29 DNA-terminal protein is involved in its DNA replication and DNA encapsidation (8-10). HERMOSO and SALAS (I1) have shown that X29 terminal protein is linked to the DNA through a phosphoester bond 1 2