DNA repair genes play a variety of roles in the development of fish embryos

Abstract

Embryogenesis is one of the most important life stages because it determines an organism’s healthy growth. However, embryos of externally fertilizing species, such as most fish, are directly exposed to the environment during development and may be threatened by DNA damaging factors (pollutants, UV, reactive oxygen species). To counteract the negative effects of DNA fragmentation, fish embryos evolved complex damage response pathways. DNA repair pathways have been extensively studied in some fish species, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our literature review, on the other hand, revealed a paucity of knowledge about DNA damage response and repair in non-model aquaculture fish species. Further, several pieces of evidence underlie the additional role of DNA repair genes and proteins in organogenesis, spatiotemporal localization in different tissue, and its indispensability for normal embryo development. In this review, we will summarize features of different DNA repair pathways in course of fish embryo development. We describe how the expression of DNA repair genes and proteins is regulated during development, their organogenetic roles, and how the expression of DNA repair genes changes in response to genotoxic stress. This will aid in addressing the link between genotoxic stress and embryo phenotype. Furthermore, available data indicate that embryos can repair damaged DNA, but the effects of early-life stress may manifest later in life as behavioral changes, neoplasia, or neurodegeneration. Overall, we conclude that more research on DNA repair in fish embryos is needed.

miR-29a Is Downregulated in Progenies Derived from Chronically Stressed Males

“…Cell division, differentiation, proliferation, and morphogenesis are coordinated events during zebrafish embryonic development and appear frequently in disarray in different pathologies such as cancer. The role of morphogenesis in zebrafish embryo survival and hatching rates has been widely studied and reviewed [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. We found a diminished survival in larvae from stressed parents accompanied by lower values of hatching rates ( Figure 3 B,C), confirming our in silico data and molecular analyses.…”

Metabonomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal the Development Process of the Auditory System in the Embryonic Development Period of the Small Yellow Croaker under Background Noise

“…In the TR_A1_vs_TR_A2 group (Figure 4A), the main enrichment pathways were hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (gene number: 45), complement and coagulation cascades (28), protein digestion and absorption (41), dilated cardiomyopathy (46), cardiac muscle contraction (33), ECM-receptor interaction (37), staphylococcus aureus infection (20), ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes (17), focal adhesion (58) and rheumatoid arthritis (22). In the TR_A1_vs_TR_A3 group (Figure 4B), the main enrichment pathways included ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes (29), protein digestion and absorption (42), complement and coagulation cascades (27), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (43), ECM-receptor interaction (40), dilated cardiomyopa-thy (45), focal adhesion (65), cardiac muscle contraction (31), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (34). ECM-receptor interaction (49), protein digestion and absorption (48), ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes (27), complement and coagulation cascades (30), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (48), dilated cardiomyopathy (51), amoebiasis (46), focal adhesion (74), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (20), cardiac muscle contraction (32), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (36), and histidine metabolism (10) were the main enrichment pathways in the TR_A1_vs_TR_A4 group (Figure 4C).…”

“…In the TR_A1_vs_TR_A3 group (Figure 4B), the main enrichment pathways included ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes (29), protein digestion and absorption (42), complement and coagulation cascades (27), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (43), ECM-receptor interaction (40), dilated cardiomyopa-thy (45), focal adhesion (65), cardiac muscle contraction (31), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (34). ECM-receptor interaction (49), protein digestion and absorption (48), ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes (27), complement and coagulation cascades (30), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (48), dilated cardiomyopathy (51), amoebiasis (46), focal adhesion (74), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (20), cardiac muscle contraction (32), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (36), and histidine metabolism (10) were the main enrichment pathways in the TR_A1_vs_TR_A4 group (Figure 4C). In the TR_A2_vs_TR_A3 group (Figure 4D), the main enrichment pathways were necroptosis (10), osteoclast differentiation (9), NF-kappa B signaling pathway (8), complement and coagulation cascades (6), IL-17 signaling pathway (6), influenza A (7), NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (7), and coronavirus disease-COVID-19 (8).…”

“…Especially in the aquaculture industry, environmental noise pollution persists throughout the development of fish [18]. Further, embryogenesis and embryonic development are the most important life stages in fish, determining fish's healthy growth and directly affecting the quality and health of future larvae [27]. Whether an embryo-larval fish has the same capacity or potential as an adult fish to adapt to the noise of the culturing environment is still unknown.…”

Water physicochemical factors and oxidative stress physiology in fish, a review

“…The accumulation of heavy metals leads to several adverse consequences, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, histological damage, and genetic anomalies (Amoatey and Baawain, 2019;Qi et al, 2022). The toxic levels rise as heavy metals enter the body through permeable membranes (such as the gills) and inhibit several activities, such as by substituting the native required metal ions of the metabolic enzymes, disrupting protein structures, and creating DNA-crosslinks which ultimately affects the cell cycle (Garai et al, 2021;Dey et al, 2023). Seafood is becoming more popular despite its toxicity, and consuming heavy metals containing aquatic organisms can have similar effects on people, including cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases and harm to the brain system, the liver, the kidneys, and reproduction (Engwa et al, 2019).…”