DNA Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein B and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Genes and Relationships with Lipid Levels in Italian Patients with Vascular Dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease

Scacchi, R.; Bernardini, Laura; Mantuano, Elide; Vilardo, Teresio; Donini, Lorenzo Maria; Ruggeri, Maria Pia; Gemma, Anna Teresa; Pascone, Roberto; Corbo, Rosa Maria

doi:10.1159/000017045

Cited by 64 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In regard to LDL cholesterol, three studies reported that higher levels were associated with an increased risk of dementia [78] and AD [69,70] , while two studies did not fi nd any association [72,79] . Three additional studies reported an inverse association in which AD patients had lower levels of LDL cholesterol compared to VaD and/or non-demented elderly [74,76,80] . In regard to HDL cholesterol, lower levels have been observed in demented cases compared to non-demented controls [72,78] and in multi-infarct dementia compared to AD [81] .…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies reported that patients with dementia [68] , AD [69] and multi-infarct dementia [70] had higher levels of total cholesterol compared to non-demented controls, while two other studies did not fi nd any association [71,72] . In contrast, fi ve studies reported lower levels of total cholesterol in AD patients compared to non-dementia controls and/or VaD patients [73][74][75][76][77] . In regard to LDL cholesterol, three studies reported that higher levels were associated with an increased risk of dementia [78] and AD [69,70] , while two studies did not fi nd any association [72,79] .…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematologic Risk Factors of Vascular Disease and Their Relation to Dementia

Mielke

Zandi

2006

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Multiple studies have implicated vascular-related conditions as risk factors for dementia. Clarification of these factors in dementia is important because most are modifiable, and may serve as the basis for preventive strategies. Several hematologic factors are associated with vascular diseases, but their relation to dementia is unclear. This review examines biological and epidemiological evidence concerning the role of these hematologic factors in dementia, and dementia subtypes. Reviewed factors include homocysteine, cholesterol, fatty acids, antioxidants, and C-reactive protein. The vast majority of studies reviewed are cross-sectional. Longitudinal studies with serial hematologic measures are needed to clarify the relationship between these factors and dementia over the lifespan. A necessary step is to examine multiple hematologic factors simultaneously, rather than in isolation, to determine how these factors are interrelated.

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Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic Risk Factors of Vascular Disease and Their Relation to Dementia

Mielke

Zandi

2006

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) and apolipoprotein A-1 levels (3), as well as increased levels of lipoprotein (a) (5) have been observed in dementia in some but not all studies. There also have been contradictory results in studies relating total cholesterol (10,11) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (6,8,11) to dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of plasma lipids and time on memory performance in healthy elderly without dementia

Reitz¹,

Luchsinger²,

Tang³

et al. 2005

Neurology

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Objective-To examine the association of plasma lipid levels to changes in cognitive function in the elderly without dementia.Methods-We examined changes in performance in tests of memory, visuospatial/cognitive and language abilities in 1147 elderly individuals without dementia or cognitive impairment at baseline followed for seven years using generalized estimating equations.Results-Performance in all cognitive domains declined significantly over time, while there was no association between levels of any plasma lipid or lipid lowering treatment and memory, cognitive/ visuospatial or language performance at any interval. Higher age at baseline was related to lower scores in all three domains at each interval, while higher education and Caucasian ethnicity were associated with higher scores in all domains. Analyses relating plasma lipids to performance in color trails tests using proportional hazards regression showed no association.In subsequent analyses excluding subjects with incident dementia, memory performance declined over time, while cognitive/visuospatial and language performance did not. Higher plasma HDL and total cholesterol were associated with higher scores in language performance at baseline; this domain declined faster among individuals with higher total cholesterol, but this result was not significant after taking multiple comparisons into account. Plasma triglycerides, LDL, or treatment with lipid lowering agents were not associated to changes in cognitive performance.Conclusions-Plasma lipid levels or treatment with lipid lowering agents in the elderly were not associated with changes in cognitive function.

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“…Interestingly, epidemiological studies investigating the association between serum cholesterol levels and risk of dementia appear inconclusive, with high serum cholesterol levels relating to dementia risk in some studies [7,8,9] and the opposite relationship [10,11,12] or null findings reported in other studies [13,14]. A careful analysis of the literature, however, reveals that elevated cholesterol levels in midlife are consistently associated with a high risk of cognitive impairment later in life [7,9], while low cholesterol levels correlate with dementia onset in the elderly [10,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A careful analysis of the literature, however, reveals that elevated cholesterol levels in midlife are consistently associated with a high risk of cognitive impairment later in life [7,9], while low cholesterol levels correlate with dementia onset in the elderly [10,11,12]. A possible explanation for this finding is that co-morbidities that lower cholesterol, such as respiratory disease, malnutrition, and cancer, are increasingly common in older age [15], and may obscure the relationship between high serum cholesterol and dementia risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Serum Lipoprotein Levels and fMRI Response to Working Memory in Midlife

Gonzales

Tarumi

Eagan

et al. 2011

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: Given that high cholesterol levels at midlife are a risk factor for future cognitive decline, the goal of the current study was to determine if cholesterol-related alterations in the cerebrovascular response to cognition could be detected at midlife. Methods: Forty adults, aged 40–60 years, performed a 2-Back working memory task during fMRI. The associations between serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol concentrations to task-related activation intensity were modeled using multivariate multiple regression (two-tailed p < 0.02). Results: Higher levels of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol related to reduced working memory-related activation intensity in the left inferior parietal lobe, right superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. Conclusion: These data provide preliminary support for a deleterious effect of elevated total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio on cerebrovascular support for cognition in midlife.

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DNA Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein B and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Genes and Relationships with Lipid Levels in Italian Patients with Vascular Dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 64 publications

References 24 publications

Hematologic Risk Factors of Vascular Disease and Their Relation to Dementia

Hematologic Risk Factors of Vascular Disease and Their Relation to Dementia

Impact of plasma lipids and time on memory performance in healthy elderly without dementia

Current Serum Lipoprotein Levels and fMRI Response to Working Memory in Midlife

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