DNA nanostructures as scaffolds for metal nanoparticles

Abstract

The rapid development of DNA nanotechnology has enabled the precise bottom-up integration of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on a nanometer scale. The recent introduction of the DNA origami technique has facilitated even more complicated control of the positioning of not only 2 dimensional (D) but also 3D structures. INTRODUCTIONAlthough top-down fabrications, such as photolithography and etching, have long driven advances in nanotechnology, they are now approaching their physical limits. Bottom-up fabrication techniques are expected to break through these limitations. However, these approaches cannot yet replace top-down techniques. Colloidal nanocrystals, including metals and semiconductors, exhibit distinctive properties not observed in the bulk state. Therefore, they are of particular interest for nanotechnology and nanoscience. For example, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit unique optical and electrical properties, such as surface plasmon resonance. 1,2 On the basis of their distinctive properties, metal NPs have been applied for biological sensing, diagnosis and other applications. 3,4 Moreover, as new properties not observed in the distributed state are expected to emerge in the organized states, 5 the precise arrangement of metal NPs in 1 dimensional (D) to 3D is one of the important technical objectives of bottom-up nanotechnology. 6,7 On the other hand, DNA is the ideal building block for the construction of self-organized nanostructures. A strand of DNA can specifically bind with its complementary counter strand by WatsonCrick base pairing to form a B-type double helix, which is most common for a pair of complementary DNA in nature and almost independent of their sequences. This fact is highly convenient for fabricating universal nanostructures, as each double helix consisting of various sequences of DNA has the same diameter and pitch. On the basis of this fact and other advantages, such as sequence programmability, reversible double helix formation and strand exchange, availability by automatic synthesis, the relative rigidity of the double helix, enzymatic scission and ligation ability, and easy amplification by a PCR, many DNA-based approaches to construct highly ordered or well-designed nanostructures have been reported. [8][9][10]

Modulation of Interparticle Distance in Discrete Gold Nanoparticle Dimers and Trimers by DNA Single‐Base Pairing

“…To assemble NPs in a facile and precise manner, DNA molecules work well as a template . For instance, a long single‐stranded (ss) DNA template (more than 10 000 bases) comprised of a short repeating sequence is useful for aligning a large number of NPs monofunctionalized with a short ssDNA .…”

Applications of DNA Nanotechnology in Synthesis and Assembly of Inorganic Nanomaterials

“…Nanomaterials can bind to DNA segments easily mainly through electrostatic force or coordination. By modifying DNA strands, nanomaterial can be linked with each other and become dimer, trimer, satellite etc., [22] which facilitates the construction of various multifunctional nanodevices and biological sensors. [30] Figure 1 (A) Scheme of temperature-dependent reversible plasmonic circular dichroism responses based DNA modified AuNRs (yellow rod) (Reprinted with permission.…”

“…[5,6,22] In 1998, Braun and coworkers [23] succeeded in preparing DNA-templated metallic silver nanowire. This pioneering work indicated that DNA molecules can be used as a template to guide the growth of materials, which will be given a detailed introduction in a later section.…”

Sintering‐Resistant Metal Catalysts Supported on Concave‐Convex Surface of TiO2 Nanoparticle Assemblies

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] To obtain good dispersibility of NPs, the surface of metal NPs are directly modified with organic materials or the NPs are mixed with dispersion media such as fatty acids and amines with long alkyl chains. Owing to the unique surface structure derived from their fine primary particles, the TiO 2 nanoparticle assemblies show excellent dispersion ability of Au nanoparticles on their rough surface.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] To obtain good dispersibility of NPs, the surface of metal NPs are directly modified with organic materials or the NPs are mixed with dispersion media such as fatty acids and amines with long alkyl chains. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] To obtain good dispersibility of NPs, the surface of metal NPs are directly modified with organic materials or the NPs are mixed with dispersion media such as fatty acids and amines with long alkyl chains.…”