DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory

Bird, Adrian

doi:10.1101/gad.947102

Cited by 6,209 publications

(4,962 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…In contrast, 5mC shows a conserved association with condensed and transcriptionally silent chromatin across eukaryotes 42, 94, 123. However, while apparently contrary in their functional consequences, 5mC and m 6 A do not seem to be correlated in eukaryotes.…”

Section: What Are the Roles For M6a In Eukaryotic Dna?mentioning

confidence: 83%

Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification

2015

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While N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is a well‐known epigenetic modification in bacterial DNA, it remained largely unstudied in eukaryotes. Recent studies have brought to fore its potential epigenetic role across diverse eukaryotes with biological consequences, which are distinct and possibly even opposite to the well‐studied 5‐methylcytosine mark. Adenine methyltransferases appear to have been independently acquired by eukaryotes on at least 13 occasions from prokaryotic restriction‐modification and counter‐restriction systems. On at least four to five instances, these methyltransferases were recruited as RNA methylases. Thus, m6A marks in eukaryotic DNA and RNA might be more widespread and diversified than previously believed. Several m6A‐binding protein domains from prokaryotes were also acquired by eukaryotes, facilitating prediction of potential readers for these marks. Further, multiple lineages of the AlkB family of dioxygenases have been recruited as m6A demethylases. Although members of the TET/JBP family of dioxygenases have also been suggested to be m6A demethylases, this proposal needs more careful evaluation.Also watch the Video Abstract.

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Section: What Are the Roles For M6a In Eukaryotic Dna?mentioning

confidence: 83%

Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification

2015

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“…Resistant starch, butyrate and DNA methylation DNA methylation describes the addition of a methyl group to the C 5 position of a cytosine residue that is followed by a guanine residue, known as a CpG site, resulting in 5-methylcytosine (52) . DNA methylation is catalysed by a small family of DNA methyltransferases, primarily DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b (53) .…”

Section: Modulation Of Wnt Signalling By Resistant Starch and Butyratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is resistant starch protective against colorectal cancer via modulation of the WNT signalling pathway?

2015

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Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) including resistant starch are protective against colorectal cancer. These anti-neoplastic effects are presumed to result from the production of the SCFA, butyrate, by colonic fermentation, which binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR43 to regulate inflammation and other cancer-related processes. The WNT pathway is central to the maintenance of homeostasis within the large bowel through regulation of processes such as cell proliferation and migration and is frequently aberrantly hyperactivated in colorectal cancers. Abnormal WNT signalling can lead to irregular crypt cell proliferation that favours a hyperproliferative state. Butyrate has been shown to modulate the WNT pathway positively, affecting functional outcomes such as apoptosis and proliferation. Butyrate's ability to regulate gene expression results from epigenetic mechanisms, including its role as a histone deacetylase inhibitor and through modulating DNA methylation and the expression of microRNA. We conclude that genetic and epigenetic modulation of the WNT signalling pathway may be an important mechanism through which butyrate from fermentation of resistant starch and other NDC exert their chemoprotective effects.

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“…Alterations of DNA methylation pattern, with methylation at the 5 0 position of cytosines of specific sequences rich in cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG islands), is the best known epigenetic modification in mammalian DNA and is commonly found in human cancers [35]. In particular, methylation and silencing of CpG sequences in the promoter of p16 INK4a , a tumor suppressor gene implicated in the cell cycle control and apoptosis, has been reported in approximately 30% of colorectal tumors, and observed in the adeno-carcinoma Caco-2 cell line [36,37].…”

Section: Cellular and Genomic Activity Of Indmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of whole extract and isolated indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica associated with re-activation of the onco-suppressor p16INK4a gene in human colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells

Naselli

Tesoriere

Caradonna

et al. 2014

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory

Cited by 6,209 publications

References 203 publications

Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification

Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification

Is resistant starch protective against colorectal cancer via modulation of the WNT signalling pathway?

Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of whole extract and isolated indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica associated with re-activation of the onco-suppressor p16INK4a gene in human colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells

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