“…Of the various approaches to study global methylation, the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique has demonstrated the consistency and reproducibility that are required to detect global cytosine methylation patterns and levels in several plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana (Cervera et al, 2002), Sorghum bicolor L. , Hordeum brevisubulatum (Li et al, 2008), Codonopsis lanceolata (Guo et al, 2007), and maize . Moreover, it has been used in various studies, all of which obtained useful results in areas such as biotic and abiotic stresses (Wang et al, 2011), development , and tissue culture (Kou et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013). In addition, hybrid vigor has been studied at the DNA methylation level using this technique.…”