DNA Measurement and Immunohistochemical characterization of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cells in Canine Mixed Mammary Tumours: Putative Evidence for a Common Histogenesis

Gärtner, Fátima; Geraldes, Margarida; Cassali, G. D.; Rêma, Alexandra; Schmitt, Fernando

doi:10.1053/tvjl.1998.0333

Cited by 52 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…In both species, the luminal epithelial cells are characterized by the expression of low molecular weight luminal cytokeratins (CKs), including CK8, CK18, CK19, and CK7. 31,36,68,74,94 The outer cell layer is formed by cells that variably express high molecular weight basal CKs such as CK5, CK6, CK14, and CK17 in addition to other markers such as smooth muscle actin (SMA), calponin, vimentin, and p63 (Figs 1-8). 1,3,8,20,28,39,68 Since these basal cells exhibit an immunophenotype of both epithelial and smooth muscle cells, they are therefore referred to as basal/myoepithelial cells.…”

Section: Cell Differentiation Markers and Prognosis Of Canine Mammarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Anatomy, Histology, Lymphatic Drainage, Clinical Features, and Cell Differentiation Markers of Canine Mammary Gland Neoplasms

et al. 2010

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Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland from the onset of first estrous and the changes that occur in the mammary gland during the estrus cycle. The clinical features of canine mammary gland tumors and their relation to prognosis are discussed, including age, hormones, breed, diet, and obesity. Additional clinical prognostic factors including clinical presentation, tumor size, and lymph node status at the time of presentation are discussed in relation to diagnosis and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell differentiation markers of the normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland is described and compared with similar studies in humans; the ways these markers may be used to assist with the prognosis of canine mammary neoplasms are discussed. Keywords reproductive, tissue, dog, domestic mammals, speciesThe mammary gland is a modified apocrine sweat gland found only in mammals. It consists of a network of ducts surrounded by a fibrovascular and adipocyte-rich stroma. The development of this gland is unique, as the last stages of development occur in the adult female only during pregnancy. With each pregnancy there is proliferation of the ductal tissue, differentiation to milk-producing acini, secretion of milk by the acinar cells, and, at the end of lactation, involution of the secretory component of the gland with preservation of the ductal structures. Development of the Mammary GlandMammary development can first be recognized during embryologic development by the appearance of 2 ventral linear thickenings (ridges) of ectoderm, below which are specialized regions of mesoderm. The ridges, also referred to as milk lines, extend from the axillary to the inguinal region. The ectodermal cells migrate along each milk line and coalesce to form a placode, which eventually becomes individual mammary glands. The formation of the placode is a complex interaction, involving several signal pathways between the epithelial cells of the ectoderm and mesenchymal cells of the mesoderm.The epithelial cells of the placode form a solid cord of cells that grow into the underlying mesenchyme to form the mammary buds, which subsequently branch to form a mammary sprout. Within each sprout a lumen forms via a process of cavitation, which communicates externally via a region of specialized epithelium called the nipple sheath and which becomes the raised teat in the adult dog. Each mammary sprout will eventually form the papillary duct of the adult mammary gland.Most dogs develop 5 pairs of mammary glands, although 4 or 6 pairs have been found in a few animals. There are 2 thoracic (M1 and M2), 2 abdominal (M3 and M4), and 1 inguinal (M5) pair of mammary glands. 86 Each teat has between 7 and 16 duct openings, and each of these ducts will eventually form a lobe of the adult gland and act as an independent functional unit within the gland. The mammary glands continue to grow in proport...

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Section: Cell Differentiation Markers and Prognosis Of Canine Mammarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Anatomy, Histology, Lymphatic Drainage, Clinical Features, and Cell Differentiation Markers of Canine Mammary Gland Neoplasms

et al. 2010

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“…11,12 To confirm the histological types of the tumors, immunolabeling to p63, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and vimentin was performed only in those tumors originating from myoepithelial cells. 6,11 Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalinfixed tissue sections (Table 1). In brief, the sections were dewaxed in xylene, hydrated through a graded series of ethanol solutions, and washed 3 times in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a New Histological and Molecular-Based Classification of Canine Mammary Neoplasia

Kim

Lim

et al. 2013

Vet Pathol

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Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are morphologically and biologically heterogeneous, prompting several attempts to classify such tumors on the basis of their histopathological characteristics. Recently, molecular-based analysis methods borrowed from human breast cancer research have also been applied to the classification of CMTs. In this study, canine mammary neoplasms (n ¼ 648) occurring in Korea from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed according to the histological classification and grading system proposed by Goldschmidt et al. Furthermore, randomly selected mammary carcinomas (n ¼ 159) were classified according to the molecular subtype using immunohistochemical characteristics. Canine mammary neoplasia accounted for 52.6% (648/1250) of the tumors in female dogs, and 51.7% (340/648) of these were malignant. All of the carcinoma-anaplastic subtypes were grade III tumors (5/5, 100%), while most of the carcinoma-tubular subtypes (15/18, 83.3%) and carcinoma arising in a complex adenoma/mixed-tumor subtype (115/135, 85.2%) were grade I tumors. Tumor cell invasion into lymphatic vessels was most common in the comedocarcinoma, carcinoma-anaplastic, and inflammatory carcinoma subtypes. The most frequently occurring molecular subtype (70/159, 44%) was luminal A. However, the basal-like subtype was the most malignant and was frequently associated with grade III tumors and lymphatic invasion. The carcinoma-solid subtypes were also often of the basal-like subtype. Reclassification of CMTs using the newly proposed histopathological classification system and molecular subtyping could aid in determining the prognosis and the most suitable anticancer treatment for each case.

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“…It is well known that the metaplasia can be seen in canine mammary gland tumors 10) ; myoepithelial cells, which show immunoreactivity for cytokeratin and SMA, have been suggested to be involved in the formation of bone or cartilage in the benign mixed tumors 10) . However, it is also suggested that undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the tumor tissue might play roles in the metaplasia in the mixed tumors 3) . Gulbahar et al 6) reported a case of mixed apocrine sweat gland tumor in a cow in which the mesenchymal elements were not immunopositive for SMA, suggesting that the metaplastic bone or cartilage might be derived from the undifferentiated stem cells rather than myoepithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atsushi Kawabata 1) , Jun Ando 2) , Kyohei Yasuno 1) , Tomoshige Baba 1) , Naohiro Uchida 1) , Masahiko Nagata 3) , Kinji Shirota 1)…”

Section: A Canine Case Of Mixed Carcinoma Of the Sweat Gland In The Funclassified

A Canine Case of Mixed Carcinoma of the Sweat Gland in the Footpad

Kawabata¹,

Ando²,

Yasuno³

et al. 2008

Jpn J Vet Dermatol

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DNA Measurement and Immunohistochemical characterization of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cells in Canine Mixed Mammary Tumours: Putative Evidence for a Common Histogenesis

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Development, Anatomy, Histology, Lymphatic Drainage, Clinical Features, and Cell Differentiation Markers of Canine Mammary Gland Neoplasms

Development, Anatomy, Histology, Lymphatic Drainage, Clinical Features, and Cell Differentiation Markers of Canine Mammary Gland Neoplasms

Analysis of a New Histological and Molecular-Based Classification of Canine Mammary Neoplasia

A Canine Case of Mixed Carcinoma of the Sweat Gland in the Footpad

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