DNA in extracellular vesicles: from evolution to its current application in health and disease

Ghanam, Jamal; Chetty, Venkatesh Kumar; Barthel, Lennart; Reinhardt, Dirk; Hoyer, P.F.; Thakur, Binay

doi:10.1186/s13578-022-00771-0

Cited by 58 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Even in case of DNA associated to the surface of (O)MVs, it was demonstrated that this DNA is involved in HGT: for instance, it was reported that DNase treatment of OMVs from Porphyromonas gingivalis impairs the efficiency of gene transfer 8 , 43 . Localization of DNA associated to MVs probably depends on their biogenesis, regarding either viable cells or dying ones: for example, in the latter case, DNA could also be associated to MVs by sticking on the surface of released vesicles 44 . This kind of cargo loading might be likely in Streptomyces , as programmed cell death is known and exerts a relevant role in the morpho-physiological differentiation of these bacteria 45 , 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the DNA sequences carried by Streptomyces coelicolor membrane vesicles

Faddetta

Vassallo

Duca

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Membrane vesicles (MVs) are spherical particles with nanoscale dimensions and characterized by the presence of diverse cargos, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and cellular metabolites. Many examples of (micro)organisms producing MVs are reported in literature. Among them, bacterial MVs are of particular interest because they are now considered as the fourth mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. Streptomyces bacteria are well-known for their ecological roles and ability to synthesize bioactive compounds, with Streptomyces coelicolor being the model organism. It was previously demonstrated that it can produce distinct populations of MVs characterized by different protein and metabolite cargos. In this work we demonstrated for the first time that MVs of S. coelicolor carry both DNA and RNA and that their DNA content represents the entire chromosome of the bacterium. These findings suggest that MV DNA could have a role in the evolution of Streptomyces genomes and that MVs could be exploited in new strain engineering strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the DNA sequences carried by Streptomyces coelicolor membrane vesicles

Faddetta

Vassallo

Duca

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Exosomes also contain multiple kinds of DNAs, including single-stranded, double-stranded, genomic, and mitochondrial DNAs. − Certain inflammatory processes and cell aging are thought to rationalize the presence of DNA in exosomes . There is more DNA in exosomes derived from cancer cells than from healthy cells.…”

Section: Characterization Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

et al. 2022

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Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular communication and participate in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The biological roles of exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which are delivered to target cells. Their distinctive properties�innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and good biomembrane penetration capacity�allow them to function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application of exosomes is in diagnostics. They hold various biomolecules from host cells, which are indicative of pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they are considered vital for biomarker discovery in clinical diagnostics. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection and provide a landscape overview of the current state and delineate trends in research advancement on exosome applications in therapeutics and diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, and development pipelines. We discuss exosome composition and pathway, from their biogenesis and secretion from host cells to recipient cell uptake. We assess methods for exosome isolation and purification, their clinical applications in therapy and diagnostics, their development pipelines, the exploration goals of the companies, the assortment of diseases they aim to treat, development stages of their research, and publication trends. We hope this review will be useful for understanding the current knowledge in the field of medical applications of exosomes, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges in fulfilling their potential.

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“…This is both a challenge and an opportunity for future research. The technical methods to distinguish DNA packaged during EV generation and passively released DNA (NETs, apoptotic bodies) are not yet sufficiently established [ 217 ]. The challenge is compounded by the large stimulus- and biological context-dependent variability of NETs and EVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions

Pfister

2022

Diagnostics

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Neutrophil granulocytes are a central component of the innate immune system. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to newly discovered biological effector functions and their involvement in various pathological conditions. They have been shown to trigger mechanisms that can either promote or inhibit the development of autoimmunity, thrombosis, and cancer. One mechanism for their modulatory effect is the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), that trigger appropriate signaling pathways in immune cells and other target cells. In addition, activated neutrophils can release bactericidal DNA fibers decorated with proteins from neutrophil granules (neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs). While NETs are very effective in limiting pathogens, they can also cause severe damage if released in excess or cleared inefficiently. Since NETs and EVs share a variety of neutrophil molecules and initially act in the same microenvironment, differential biochemical and functional analysis is particularly challenging. This review focuses on the biochemical and functional parallels and the extent to which the overlapping spectrum of effector molecules has an impact on biological and pathological effects.

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DNA in extracellular vesicles: from evolution to its current application in health and disease

Cited by 58 publications

References 105 publications

Unravelling the DNA sequences carried by Streptomyces coelicolor membrane vesicles

Unravelling the DNA sequences carried by Streptomyces coelicolor membrane vesicles

Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions

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