DNA hypomethylation can activate Xist expression and silence X-linked genes.

Panning, Barbara; Jaenisch, Rudolf

doi:10.1101/gad.10.16.1991

Cited by 346 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(76 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

232

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Using nuclear and DNA transfer into Xenopus oocytes, these authors show that DNA demethylation is absolutely necessary for transcription of the stem cell marker Oct4 (Simonsson and Gurdon, 2004). Finally, global DNA hypomethylation obtained by genetic inactivation of the methyltransferases (Dnmt-1, 3a or 3b) blocks embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiation (Panning and Jaenisch, 1996;Jackson et al, 2004), whereas treatment of ES cells with 5-azacytidine reverses the differentiation process (Tsuji-Takayama et al, 2004), suggesting that this modification may be important in epigenetically marking pluripotent precursors. It will be interesting to analyze if similar mechanisms operate in the determination of more restricted multipotent precursors towards the myogenic lineage.…”

Section: Behind the Chromatin: Dna Methylation Changes During Myogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The epigenetic network regulating muscle development and regeneration

Palacios

Puri

2005

Journal Cellular Physiology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review focuses on our current knowledge of the epigenetic changes regulating gene expression at the chromatin and DNA level, independently on the primary DNA sequence, to reprogram the nuclei of muscle precursors during developmental myogenesis and muscle regeneration. These epigenetic marks provide the blueprint by which the extra-cellular cues are interpreted at the nuclear level by the transcription machinery to select the repertoire of tissue-specific genes to be expressed. The reversibility of some of these changes necessarily reflects the dynamic nature of skeletal myogenesis, which entails the progression through two antagonistic processes-proliferation and differentiation. Other epigenetic modifications are instead associated to events conventionally considered as irreversible-e.g. maintenance of lineage commitment and terminal differentiation. However, recent results support the possibility that these events can be reversed, at least upon certain experimental conditions, thereby revealing a dynamic nature of many of the epigenetic modifications underlying skeletal myogenesis. The elucidation of the epigenetic network that regulates transcription during developmental myogenesis and muscle regeneration might provide the information instrumental to devise pharmacological interventions toward selective manipulation of gene expression to promote regeneration of skeletal muscles and possibly other tissue.

show abstract

Section: Behind the Chromatin: Dna Methylation Changes During Myogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The epigenetic network regulating muscle development and regeneration

Palacios

Puri

2005

Journal Cellular Physiology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By contrast, Xist is stably silenced on the active X chromosome. Although the maintenance of the silenced state of Xist requires Dnmt1, monoallelic Xist expression and subsequent X-inactivation can occur normally in ES cells deficient for Dnmt1 (Beard et al 1995;Panning and Jaenisch 1996). We therefore examined whether X-inactivation can occur normally in the epiblast lineages of [Dnmt3a -/-, Dnmt3b -/-] embryos and in differentiating [Dnmt3a -/-, Dnmt3b -/-] ES cells .…”

Section: Role For Dna Methylation In Initiation Of Random X-chromosommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies with the mouse embryos and ES cells deficient for Dnmt1 showed that DNA methylation plays an essential role in the maintenance of genomic imprinting and X-inactivation in the embryo proper (Table 1) (Li et al 1993;Beard et al 1995;Panning and Jaenisch, 1996;Sado et al 2000). By contrast, in the trophoblast, the role of DNA methylation seems more relaxed (Table 1) (Caspery et al 1998;Tanaka et al 1999;Sado et al 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of De Novo DNA Methyltransferases in Initiation of Genomic Imprinting and X-Chromosome Inactivation

Kaneda¹,

Sado²,

Hata³

et al. 2004

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic modification which plays an important role in transcriptional repression of imprinted genes (Li et al, 1993;Bourc'his et al, 2001;Kaneda et al, 2004), transposons (Yoder et al, 1997;Walsh et al, 1998;Bourc'his and Bestor, 2004;Webster et al, 2005) and genes on the inactive X chromosome (Panning and Jaenisch, 1996). There is also evidence to suggest that methylation is important for maintaining the stability of pericentromeric satellite repeats, as mutations in the DNMT3B methyltransferase are found in patients suffering from immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomaly (ICF) syndrome (OMIM 242860) and are accompanied by demethylation of classical satellite repeats and the formation of branched and multiradiate chromosomes (Hansen et al, 1999;Okano et al, 1999;Xu et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific promoters regulate Dnmt3L expression in mouse germ cells

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Dnmt3L, a member of the DNA methyltransferase 3 family, lacks enzymatic activity but is required for de-novo methylation of imprinted genes in oocytes and for transposon repression in male germ cells. METHODS: We used northern blots, RT-PCR, 5¢ rapid amplification of complementary DNA (cDNA) ends (RACE), RNase H mapping, real-time/quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization to identify and characterize Dnmt3L transcripts produced during germ cell development. RESULTS: Mouse Dnmt3L uses three sex-specific promoters, not the single promoter previously thought. A promoter active in prospermatogonia drives transcription of an mRNA encoding the full-length protein in perinatal testis, where de-novo methylation occurs. Late pachytene spermatocytes activate a second promoter in intron 9 of the Dnmt3L gene. After this stage, the predominant transcripts are three truncated mRNAs, which appear to be non-coding. We could also detect similar adult testis transcripts in humans. In the mouse ovary, an oocyte-specific promoter located in an intron of the neighbouring autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene produces a transcript with the full open reading frame (ORF). This is the only Dnmt3L transcript found in growing oocytes and is absent in the oocytes of Dnmt3L-/-females. CONCLUSIONS: Sex-specific promoters control Dnmt3L expression in the mouse germ line, mirroring the situation at the Dnmt1 and Dnmt3A loci.

show abstract

DNA hypomethylation can activate Xist expression and silence X-linked genes.

Cited by 346 publications

References 58 publications

The epigenetic network regulating muscle development and regeneration

The epigenetic network regulating muscle development and regeneration

Role of De Novo DNA Methyltransferases in Initiation of Genomic Imprinting and X-Chromosome Inactivation

Sex-specific promoters regulate Dnmt3L expression in mouse germ cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About