By using the infant mouse test and a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 100 strains of Escherichia coli carrying STAI or STA,2 genes were shown to produce the heat-stable enterotoxin STA. An additional 100 strains were negative in both tests. The ELISA was easy to perform, and results were available within 24 h. Testing strains with an enzyme-linked DNA probe kit that incorporated both STAland STA2-specific oligonucleotides showed that the 100 strains positive in the mouse test and ELISA also hybridized with the mixed probe. Two strains carrying STAl genes but negative in the mouse test and ELISA also hybridized with the mixed probe.