Unique electronic,
optical, and mechanical properties of molybdenum
disulfide (MoS2) hold great potential and can be harnessed
as a key component in novel applications in electronics, optoelectronics,
high-performance sensing material, and photodetection. Carbon quantum
dots (CDs) have attracted a great deal of attention because of their
biocompatibility, high quantum yield, and tunable light-emission band
for biological and photodetector applications. In this research, we
used these two materials for the Hg2+ sensor. First, the
sensing layer of MoS2 and carbon dots were prepared through
sequential solvent exchange and hydrothermal methods, respectively;
then, they were characterized. Since mercury, as one of the most harmful
pollutants in water, has a significant negative impact on human health
and its detection is of great significance, the proposed MoS2 field-effect transistor sensor functionalized with the DNA–CD
hybrid was fabricated for the ultrasensitive detection of the Hg2+ ion in an aqueous environment. Specific T-rich DNA was used
in the hybrid structure as the capture probe for label-free detection.
The DNA-CD/MoS2 hybrid aptasensor was capable of the detection
of Hg2+ in a concentration range from 1 aM to 10 pM with
a detection limit of 0.65 aM. The effect of the DNA presence in Hg2+ detection was investigated, and the specificity of the aptasensor
response to the Hg2+ ion was also evaluated in the presence
of other common cations in the aqueous medium. Finally, the aptasensor
was used for Hg2+ detection from samples of tap and mineral
water with satisfactory results.