DNA-damaging activity of patulin in Escherichia coli

Abstract

At a concentration of 10 ,ug/ml, patulin caused single-strand DNA breaks in living cells of Escherichia coli. At 50 ,ug/ml, double-strand breaks were observed also. Single-strand breaks were repaired in the presence of 10 ,ig of patulin per ml within 90 min when the cells were incubated at 37°C in M9-salts solution without a carbon source. The same concentration also induced temperature-sensitive lambda prophage and a prophage of Bacillus megaterium. When an in vitro system with permeabilized Escherichia coli cells was used, patulin at 10 ,ug/ml induced DNA repair synthesis and inhibited DNA replication. The in vivo occurrence of DNA strand breaks and DNA repair correlated with the in vitro induction of repair synthesis. In vitro the RNA synthesis was less affected, and overall protein synthesis was not inhibited at 10 ,ug/ml. Only at higher concentrations (250 to 500 ,ug/ml) was inhibition of in vitro protein synthesis observed. Thus, patulin must be regarded as a mycotoxin with selective DNA-damaging activity.

Comprehensive Review of Patulin Control Methods in Foods

“…Results of these studies are, as a whole, inconclusive, but suggest that acute symptoms of patulin consumption can include agitation, convulsions, dysponea, pulmonary congestion, edema, ulceration, hyperemia, GI tract distension, intestinal hemorrhage, epithelial cell degeneration, intestinal inflammation, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal and kidney damage (Walker and Wiesner 1944;Escoula and others 1977;Hayes and others 1979;Carlton 1980a, 1980b;McKinley and others 1982;Mahfoud and others 2002). Chronic health risks of patulin consumption can include neurotoxic, immunotoxic, immunosuppressive, genotoxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects (Dickens and Jones 1961;Mayer and Legaror 1969;Ciegler and others 1976;Oswald and others 1978;Korte 1980;Thust and others 1982;Lee and Röschenthaler 1986;Roll and others 1990;Hopkins 1993;Pfeiffer and others 1998;Wichmann and others 2002).…”

Differential interaction of branch‐specific inhibitors of isoprenoid biosynthesis with cell cycle progression in tobacco BY‐2 cells

“…However, besides its action on protein isoprenylation, patulin appears to have further molecular targets. It acts, for example, as a protein biosynthesis inhibitor (Arafat and Musa 1995), and can damage chromosomal DNA (Lee and Roschenthaler 1986). This latter effect could well explain why the cytometric analysis revealed a population of nuclei with less DNA than a typical G1 population (2c DNA content).…”

Removal of Patulin from Aqueous Solution Using Cross‐Linked Chitosan Beads

“…Initially, patulin was isolated as a water-soluble broad-spectrum antibiotic (Korzybski et al 1967), but it was later found to have massive negative effects on human health. Results from many researchers suggested that symptoms of patulin consumption could include teratogenic effects (Ciegler et al 1976), carcinogenic effect (Dickens and Jones 1961), reproductive toxicity (Selmanoglu 2006) and genotoxicity (Lee and Roschenthaler 1986;Schumacher et al 2006). Studies on surveying the negative effects of patulin have proved to be dubious, but there was no doubt about the potential danger in food products contaminated by patulin (Moake et al 2005).…”

“…Results from many researchers suggested that symptoms of patulin consumption could include teratogenic effects (Ciegler et al . ), carcinogenic effect (Dickens and Jones ), reproductive toxicity (Selmanoglu ) and genotoxicity (Lee and Roschenthaler ; Schumacher et al . ).…”

“…). As an unsaturated lactone, patulin could be adsorbed onto chitosan reacting with –OH groups readily and –NH 2 groups slowly (Wright and Lindroth ; Lee and Roschebthaler ). Chitosan could be synthesized into chitosan beads through cross‐linking.…”