DNA damage by singlet oxygen and cellular protective mechanisms

Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases

“…The first excited state, 1 D g , has two electrons with opposite spins in the same p* orbital whereas, the second excited state, 1eg, has one electron in each degenerated p* orbital with opposite spins [36]. The 1 D g state is extremely reactive, and compared to the other electronically excited states [36]. It is produced in vivo by the activation of neutrophils (Eq.…”

Scope and limitations of the TEMPO/EPR method for singlet oxygen detection: the misleading role of electron transfer

“…Its reactions include oxidation of lipids [1][2], proteins [3][4][5] and nucleic acids [6][7][8], that may trigger a biological damage. This reaction cascade can lead to undesired adverse effects, like drug-induced phototoxicity [9][10], but can also be exploited to produce beneficial effects as in photodynamic therapy [11][12].…”

Fast dye removal from water by starch-based nanocomposites

“…phytoplankton and other organisms in the base of the trophic level) are also harmed due to the restriction in light penetration in dye-contaminated water [10]. Furthermore, MB can easily transpose the cellular membrane and is readily photosensibilized by white light generating highly reactive singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) species, which at high concentrations can damage DNA structures or induce phototoxic response on aquatic living organisms spreading, eventually, to all food chain [11]. Therefore, efficient devices for removing MB from wastewaters are urged required.…”