DNA Based Molecular Markers: A Tool for Differentiation of Ayurvedic Raw Drugs and their Adulterants

Malgaonkar, Manasi; Shirolkar, Amey; Murthy, Soma N; Mangal, Anupam K; Pawar, Sharad

doi:10.5530/phrev.2020.14.11

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These genetic traits are very helpful in identifying plants of particular species in cases of adulteration and substitution. , There are several techniques available, including conventional sequencing, non-Sanger sequencing, random amplifiable polymorphic DNA, DNA barcoding, amplifiable fragment length polymorphism, microsatellites, single nucleotide polymorphism, and others. The limitation with a few of these methods is that no ideal marker exists for all the species, and sometimes, it may mislead in identifying the taxonomy but could be highly beneficial in population genetics . Because of its accuracy and reliability to identify variations, DNA barcoding has gained the most popular of all methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limitation with a few of these methods is that no ideal marker exists for all the species, and sometimes, it may mislead in identifying the taxonomy but could be highly beneficial in population genetics. 12 Because of its accuracy and reliability to identify variations, DNA barcoding has gained the most popular of all methods. Traditional methods of plant identification, such as morphological analysis, can be subjective and prone to error, particularly in cases where species are closely related or have similar physical characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of Euphorbia tithymaloides (L.) Poit. (Root) by Conventional and DNA Barcoding Methods

Patil,

Imran,

Jaquline

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Adulteration and substitution of medicinal plants have become a matter of great concern in recent years. Euphorbia tithymaloides is one such medicinal plant that has gained importance but is often confused with other plants of the same species. In order to address this issue, this study aimed to conduct a conventional and molecular pharmacognostic study for the identification of the root of E. tithymaloides. The root of the plant was studied for the macroscopic observations, and then, the root was ground into coarse powder for microscopic studies and to determine the physiochemical properties. The powder was subjected to extraction with solvents such as ethanol, ethanol/water (1:1), hexane, and ethyl acetate. The extracts were then used for qualitative and quantitative (phenol, alkaloids, and flavonoids) phytochemical analysis. The molecular study was performed with the DNA barcoding technique. The DNA was extracted from the root of the plant, and its purity was examined by gel electrophoresis (1% w/v). The DNA was then amplified using an Applied Biosystems 2720 thermal cycler for the rbcL, matK, and ITS primers. The amplified primers were sequenced with a 3130 Genetic Analyzer, and the generated sequences were searched for similarity in the GenBank Database using the nucleotide BLAST analysis. The micro- and macroscopic studies revealed the morphological and organoleptic characters as well as the presence of medullary rays, fiber, cork, sclereids, parenchymal cells, and scalariform vessels. The physiochemical properties were found within the limit. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. In addition, the alkaloidal content was high in the ethanol extract (63.04 ± 3.08 mg At E/g), while the phenol content was high in the hexane extract (10.26667 ± 1.77 mg At E/g), and the flavonoid content was high in the ethyl acetate extract (41.458 ± 1.33 mg At E/g). After the BLAST analysis from the GenBank database, the rbcL, ITS, and matK primers showed a similarity percentage of 99.83, 99.84, and 100. The phylogenetic tree for the species closest to each primer was generated using the MEGA 6 software. The matK loci had the highest percentage similar to the rbcL and ITS loci, indicating that the matK loci can be used to identify the root of E. tithymaloides as a standalone. The results from this study can be used to establish a quality standard for E. tithymaloides that will ensure its quality and purity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of Euphorbia tithymaloides (L.) Poit. (Root) by Conventional and DNA Barcoding Methods

Patil,

Imran,

Jaquline

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…Moreover, it can be adulterated with coffee husks [17,18]; Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry [19] and its related Myristica species, namely Myristica malabarica Lam. [15,20], Myristica succedanea Blume [21], and Myristica argentea Warb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and Its Substituents

Khamnuan,

Phrutivorapongkul,

Pitchakarn

et al. 2023

Foods

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The aril and seed of nutmeg, Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae), hold significant value in various industries globally. Our preliminary research found two morphological variations: a globose shape and an oval shape. Due to these different characteristics, the safety of consumers is of primary concern. Thus, authentication and comparative pharmacological and toxicity analyses are necessary. In this study, pharmacognostic and advanced phytochemical analyses, DNA barcoding, cytotoxicity, and the anti-nitric oxide production of commercial Thai nutmeg were examined. Via morphologic examinations and TLC fingerprinting, all the sampled aril and seed were categorized into globose and oval-shaped groups. The results of HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS experiments revealed distinct differences between these groups. The DNA barcoding of the trnH-psbA region using the BLAST method and neighbor-joining tree analyses confirmed the globose nutmeg as M. fragrans and the oval-shaped variant as M. argentea. A comparison was then carried out between the potential toxicity and anti-inflammatory capabilities of M. fragrans and M. argentea. Cytotoxicity tests on HaCaT, 3T3-L1, Caco-2, HEK293, and RAW264.7 were performed using both methanolic extracts and volatile oil from the arils and seeds of both species. This study concludes that blending or substituting these two species maintains their therapeutic integrity without posing safety concerns.

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Molecular Markers in Assessing Genetic Clonal Fidelity for in Vitro Propagated Endangered Medicinal Plants

Biswas

Nandy

Dey

et al. 2022

Molecular Genetics and Genomics Tools in Biodiversity Conservation

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DNA Based Molecular Markers: A Tool for Differentiation of Ayurvedic Raw Drugs and their Adulterants

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Standardization of Euphorbia tithymaloides (L.) Poit. (Root) by Conventional and DNA Barcoding Methods

Standardization of Euphorbia tithymaloides (L.) Poit. (Root) by Conventional and DNA Barcoding Methods

The Identification and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and Its Substituents

Molecular Markers in Assessing Genetic Clonal Fidelity for in Vitro Propagated Endangered Medicinal Plants

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