DNA barcoding of five Japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors (Culex fuscocephala, Culex gelidus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pseudovishnui and Culex vishnui)

Pushparaj, Karthika; Vadivalagan, Chithravel; Thirumurugan, D.; Kumar, Rangaswamy Ravi; Murugan, Kadarkarai; Canale, Angelo; Benelli, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.006

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In general, the current procedure used to identify the species of an insect requires an individual visual examination of the insect, which is time consuming and requires several years of experience[14,15]. While the general interest in documenting the diversity of insect species has grown exponentially over the years, the number of taxonomists and other professionals trained in species identification has steadily declined[16–18]. Important factors that can impede the correct identification of mosquito species include the method of preservation used during the transport of samples and the use of the appropriate equipment to capture mosquitoes without damaging them[19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of convolutional neural networks for classification of adult mosquitoes in the field

et al. 2019

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Dengue, chikungunya and Zika are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitos of the genus Aedes and have caused several outbreaks in world over the past ten years. Morphological identification of mosquitos is currently restricted due to the small number of adequately trained professionals. We implemented a computational model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from mosquito images to identify adult mosquitoes from the species Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. To train the CNN to perform automatic morphological classification of mosquitoes, we used a dataset that included 4,056 mosquito images. Three neural networks, including LeNet, AlexNet and GoogleNet, were used. During the validation phase, the accuracy of the mosquito classification was 57.5% using LeNet, 74.7% using AlexNet and 83.9% using GoogleNet. During the testing phase, the best result (76.2%) was obtained using GoogleNet; results of 52.4% and 51.2% were obtained using LeNet and AlexNet, respectively. Significantly, accuracies of 100% and 90% were achieved for the classification of Aedes and Culex, respectively. A classification accuracy of 82% was achieved for Aedes females. Our results provide information that is fundamental for the automatic morphological classification of adult mosquito species in field. The use of CNN's is an important method for autonomous identification and is a valuable and accessible resource for health workers and taxonomists for the identification of some insects that can transmit infectious agents to humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of convolutional neural networks for classification of adult mosquitoes in the field

et al. 2019

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“…Several factors, including changes in agricultural practices and climate, migratory bird patterns, and population shifts, may increase the risk of endemic JE in the future [19,20,21]. Although acute encephalitis surveillance in two urban hospitals in Karachi was unable to confirm any recent JE cases, the presence of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and related species [22,23] and the intense rice production in the region increase this likelihood [23,24,25]. Previous and current research on JE in Pakistan has been conducted in Karachi and surrounding areas in southern Pakistan, and investigation of possible transmission in other, particularly more rural, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234584.t001…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Japanese encephalitis virus as a cause of acute encephalitis in southern Pakistan, April 2015–January 2018

et al. 2020

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Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurs in fewer than 1% of JE virus (JEV) infections, often with catastrophic sequelae including death and neuropsychiatric disability. JEV transmission in Pakistan was documented in 1980s and 1990s, but recent evidence is lacking. Our objective was to investigate JEV as a cause of acute encephalitis in Pakistan. Methods Persons aged �1 month with possible JE admitted to two acute care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan from April 2015 to January 2018 were enrolled. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum samples were tested for JEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) using the InBios JE Detect TM assay. Positive or equivocal samples had confirmatory testing using plaque reduction neutralization tests. Results Among 227 patients, testing was performed on CSF in 174 (77%) and on serum in 53 (23%) patients. Six of eight patient samples positive or equivocal for JEV IgM had sufficient volume for confirmatory testing. One patient had evidence of recent West Nile virus (WNV) neurologic infection based on CSF testing. One patient each had recent dengue virus (DENV) infection and WNV infection based on serum results. Recent flavivirus infections were identified in two persons, one each based on CSF and serum results. Specific flaviviruses could not be identified due to serologic cross-reactivity. For the sixth person, JEV neutralizing antibodies were confirmed in CSF but there was insufficient volume for further testing.

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“…This is the case of insecticidal and acaricidal nanomaterials, which requires cooperation from the fields of physics, phytochemistry, as well as vector biology, physiology, behavior and ecology (Benelli, 2018b, Benelli, 2018c). Large networks of scientists with various research expertise, from molecular genetics to population ecology, are also needed for monitoring of invasive species, their DNA barcoding (Zhang and Zhang, 2014, Lv et al, 2014a, Lv et al, 2014b, Murugan et al, 2016, Vadivalagan et al, 2017, Karthika et al, 2018), as well as the reliable evaluation of vector competence potential and molecular patterns of infection in different regions worldwide (Murdock et al, 2014, Vega-Rúa et al, 2014, de la Fuente et al, 2017, Bartholomay and Michel, 2018, Priya et al, 2017). New technology is needed for pathogen detection in bloodsucking arthropods.…”

Section: Conclusive Remarks and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing mosquitoes and ticks in a rapidly changing world – Facts and trends

Benelli

2019

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks are on the rise. The effective and sustainable control of these arthropod vectors is a puzzling challenge for public health worldwide. In the present review, I attempted to provide a concise and updated overview of the current mosquito and tick research scenario. The wide array of control tools recently developed has been considered, with special reference to those approved by the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group (WHO VCAG), as well as novel ones with an extremely promising potential to be exploited in vector control programs. Concerning mosquitoes, a major focus has been given on genetically modified vectors, eave tubes, attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) and biocontrol agents. Regarding ticks, the recent development of highly effective repellents and acaricides (including nanoformulated ones) as well as behavior-based control tools, has been highlighted. In the second part of the review, key research questions about biology and control of mosquitoes and ticks have been critically formulated. A timely research agenda outlining hot issues to be addressed in mosquito and tick research is provided. Overall, it is expected that the present review will contribute to boost research and applications on successful mosquito and tick control strategies, along with an improved knowledge of their biology and ecology.

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DNA barcoding of five Japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors (Culex fuscocephala, Culex gelidus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pseudovishnui and Culex vishnui)

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Application of convolutional neural networks for classification of adult mosquitoes in the field

Application of convolutional neural networks for classification of adult mosquitoes in the field

Investigation of Japanese encephalitis virus as a cause of acute encephalitis in southern Pakistan, April 2015–January 2018

Managing mosquitoes and ticks in a rapidly changing world – Facts and trends

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