DNA barcoding of commercially important groupers (Epinephelidae) in Aceh, Indonesia

Grouper DNA barcoding studies in Indonesia: A short review

“…These 20 studies comprised 39 species in six genera, especially the groupers, with high economic value. The studied genera were Anyperodon (Ariyanti and Farajallah, 2019a), Cephalopholis Andriyono and Suciyono, 2020;Ariyanti and Farajallah, 2019a;Ariyanti et al, 2015;Fadli et al, 2021;Fadli et al, 2020;Gaither et al, 2011;Kamal et al, 2019;Sari et al, 2015), Cromileptes (Nuryanto et al, 2018;Susanto et al, 2011;Susanto et al, 2010), Epinephelus (Abdullah and Rehbein, 2017; 193 Razi et al (2021) and Suciyono, 2020; Antoro et al, 2006;Farajallah, 2019a, 2019b;Aznardi and Madduppa, 2020;Fadli et al, 2021;Fadli et al, 2020;Jefri et al, 2015;Kamal et al, 2019;Kusuma, 2018;Nuryanto et al, 2018;Santosa et al, 2021;Sari et al, 2015;Yulidaria, 2020), Plectropomus (Fadli et al, 2021;Nuryanto et al, 2018), Variola (Abdullah and Rehbein, 2017;Fadli et al, 2021;Fadli, Nor, et al, 2020;Kamal et al, 2019;Sari et al, 2015) (Tabel 2). Genus Epinephelus being the highest percentage of the studied grouper (54%), and the lowest is from the genus Anyperodon (2%) (Figure 2, Table 1).…”

“…Research on the Anyperodon genus Ariyanti and Farajallah (2019a) found that mitochondrial COI primers AF282, AF283 have successfully been used to identify the Anyperodon leucogrammicus species. Research on DNA barcoding in the genus Cephalopholis was carried out using different mitochondrial COI primers, including Fish F1, Fish R1 (Ariyanti et al, 2015;Fadli et al, 2021;Fadli et al, 2020); FH70, RH70 (Kamal et al, 2019) Fish BCL, Fish BCH Andriyono and Suciyono, 2020); 16SAR, 16SBR (Sari et al, 2015); AF282, AF283 (Ariyanti and Farajallah, 2019a) and has been reported to have identified several species in the genus Cephalopholis, namely: C. boenak, C. cyanostigma, C. formosa, C. leopardus, C. miniata, C. nigripinnis, C. sexmaculata, C. sonnerati, C. spiloparaea and C.urodeta. Further research on the genus Cromileptes using primers Fish F1, Fish R1 (Nuryanto et al, 2018); Fish F2, Fish R2 (Susanto et al, 2011;Susanto et al, 2010) have identified the species C. altivelis (Table 2).…”

“…At least 76 grouper species have been reported living in Indonesian waters, with three species were categorized into "vulnerable", five species "Data Deficient", and 68 species under the "Least Concern" category based on IUCN classification (IUCN, 2021). The increasing number of exploitations reported caused grouper stocks in Indonesia to decrease and threatened extinction (Fadli et al, 2021;Yulianto et al, 2015). In addition, the use of destructive fishing techniques also affected the fish populations in the wild (Batubara et al, 2017;Muchlisin, 2008;Muchlisin et al, 2015).…”

“…Albeit their high economic value in Indonesia, limited scientific information on grouper is available, especially their taxonomy information. In most fish landing sites across Indonesia, the groupers are morphologically identified and recorded as "kerapu" to replace their scientific species names hindering accurate fish recording (Fadli et al, 2021). In addition, morphological identification also required extra accuracy and can lead to misidentification if done without adequate knowledge (Sulistyowatia et al, 2018;Syafei and Sudinno, 2018).…”

“…One of the tools that have been used in fish identification is DNA barcoding. In the last two decades, this molecular method has been employed to identify many fish species globally (Abdullah and Rehbein, 2017;Ali et al, 2020;Bakar et al, 2018;Bamaniya et al, 2016;Bingpeng et al, 2018;Delrieu-Trottin et al, 2019;Duarte et al, 2017;Fadli et al, 2020;Nugroho et al, 2017;Nurilmala et al, 2016;Steinke et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2018;Wibowo et al, 2018) including grouper fish (Alcantara and Yambot, 2016;Basheer et al, 2017;Fadli et al, 2020;Fadli et al, 2021). This method is relatively new in Indonesia, so its use is still limited.…”