DNA barcodes as a tool in biodiversity research: testing pre-existing taxonomic hypotheses in Delphic Apollo butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)

Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.; Sourakov, Andrei; Zakharov, Evgeny

doi:10.1080/14772000.2016.1203371

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In case of Agrodiaetus , COI barcodes showing such a discrepancy between species and gene trees may be a result of interspecific mitochondrial introgression (Lukhtanov et al 2008, 2015b). Despite this limitation, we argue that monophyletic clusters resulting from the DNA barcode analysis are better primary taxonomic hypotheses than para- or polyphyletic ones (Lukhtanov et al 2016). …”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…To interpret the discovered chromosomal, molecular and morphological diversity in terms of taxonomy using two original methodologies: (1) detecting and taxonomic interpretation of cryptic entities found in sympatry and allopatry using combined analysis of mitochondrial and chromosomal markers (Lukhtanov et al 2015a), and (2) critical evaluation of pre-existing morphology-based taxonomic hypotheses using DNA barcodes (Lukhtanov et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karyosystematics and molecular taxonomy of the anomalous blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Vishnevskaya¹,

Saifitdinova²,

Lukhtanov³

2016

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The Balkan Peninsula represents one of the hottest biodiversity spots in Europe. However, the invertebrate fauna of this region is still insufficiently investigated, even in respect of such well-studied organisms as Lepidoptera. Here we use a combination of chromosomal, molecular and morphological markers to rearrange the group of so-called anomalous blue butterflies (also known as ‘brown complex’ of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, [1822] and as the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) admetus (Esper, 1783) species group) and to reveal its cryptic taxonomic structure. We demonstrate that Polyommatus aroaniensis (Brown, 1976) is not as widespread in the Balkans as was previously thought. In fact, it has a dot-like distribution range restricted to the Peloponnese Peninsula in South Greece. Polyommatus orphicus Kolev, 2005 is not as closely related to the Turkish species Polyommatus dantchenkoi (Lukhtanov & Wiemers, 2003) as was supposed earlier. Instead, it is a Balkan endemic represented by two subspecies: Polyommatus orphicus orphicus (Bulgaria) and Polyommatus orphicus eleniae Coutsis & De Prins, 2005 (Northern Greece). Polyommatus ripartii (Freyer, 1830) is represented in the Balkans by an endemic subspecies Polyommatus ripartii pelopi. The traditionally recognized Polyommatus admetus (Esper, 1783) is shown to be a heterogeneous complex and is divided into Polyommatus admetus sensu stricto (the Balkans and west Turkey) and Polyommatus yeranyani (Dantchenko & Lukhtanov, 2005) (east Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran). Polyommatus nephohiptamenos (Brown & Coutsis, 1978) is confirmed to be a species with a dot-like distribution range in Northern Greece. Finally, from Central Greece (Timfristos and Parnassos mountains) we describe Polyommatus timfristos Lukhtanov, Vishnevskaya & Shapoval, sp. n. which differs by its haploid chromosome number (n=38) from the closely related and morphologically similar Polyommatus aroaniensis (n=47-48) and Polyommatus orphicus (n=41-42). We provide chromosomal evidence for three separate south Balkan Pleistocene refugia (Peloponnesse, Central Greece and Northern Greece/South Bulgaria) and stress the biogeographic importance of Central Greece as a place of diversification. Then we argue that the data obtained have direct implications for butterfly karyology, taxonomy, biogeography and conservation.

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Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyosystematics and molecular taxonomy of the anomalous blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Vishnevskaya¹,

Saifitdinova²,

Lukhtanov³

2016

CCG

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“…Sequences were aligned using the BioEdit software (Hall 1999) and edited manually. Phylogenetic hypotheses were inferred using Bayesian inference as described previously (Vershinina and Lukhtanov 2010, Lukhtanov et al 2016a, b). Briefly, the Bayesian analysis was performed using the program MrBayes 3.2 (Ronquist et al 2012) with default settings as suggested by Mesquite (Maddison and Maddison 2015): burn-in=0.25, nst=6 (GTR + I + G).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new butterfly species from south Russia revealed through chromosomal and molecular analysis of the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damonides complex (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)

Lukhtanov¹,

Dantchenko²

2017

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Finding a new species is a rare event in easy-to-see and well-studied organisms like butterflies, especially if they inhabit well-explored areas such as the Western Palaearctic. However, even in this region, gaps in taxonomic knowledge still exist and here we report such a discovery. Using a combined analysis of chromosomal and molecular markers we demonstrate that Polyommatus blue populations from Daghestan (South Russia), previously identified as P. aserbeidschanus, represent in fact a new species which is described here as P. australorossicus sp. n. We also show that the enigmatic Polyommatus damonides described as a form of Polyommatus damone and later considered as an entity similar to P. poseidon or P. ninae is conspecific with a taxon previously known as P. elbursicus. As a result of our study, we propose several taxonomic changes within the P. damonides species complex and suggest the following new combinations: P. damonides elbursicus Forster, 1956, comb. n. and P. damonides gilanensis Eckweiler, 2002, comb. n.

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“…However, even if the lineages gina2 , turkestanica3 and turkestanica4 are not considered, the distances between Melitaea didyma groupings remains high, up to 4.1% between turkestanica2 and liliputana , i.e. much deeper than the “standard” DNA barcode species threshold (2.7-3%) (Hebert et al 2003, Lukhtanov et al 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combination of molecular and cytogenetic methods is a useful tool for detecting cryptic species (Lukhtanov et al 2015) and can be a good addition to morphological analysis for ordering complex taxonomic structures (Lukhtanov et al 2016). In our previous paper we applied analysis of DNA barcodes to demonstrate that Melitaea didyma complex is a monophyletic group and is represented by multiple deeply diverged mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (Pazhenkova et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal and mitochondrial diversity in Melitaea didyma complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): eleven deeply diverged DNA barcode groups in one non-monophyletic species?

Pazhenkova¹,

Lukhtanov²

2016

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It is generally accepted that cases of species’ polyphyly in COI trees arising as a result of deep intraspecific divergence are negligible, and the detected cases reflect misidentifications or/and methodological errors. Here we studied the problem of species’ non-monophyly through chromosomal and molecular analysis of butterfly taxa close to Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1779) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). We found absence or low interspecific chromosome number variation and presence of intraspecific variation, therefore we conclude that in this group, chromosome numbers have relatively low value as taxonomic markers. Despite low karyotype variability, the group was found to have unexpectedly high mitochondrial haplotype diversity. These haplotypes were clustered in 23 highly diverged haplogroups. Twelve of these haplogroups are associated with nine traditionally recognized and morphologically distinct species Melitaea chitralensis Moore, 1901, Melitaea deserticola Oberthür, 1909, Melitaea didymoides Eversmann, 1847, Melitaea gina Higgins, 1941, Melitaea interrupta Colenati, 1846, Melitaea latonigena Eversmann, 1847, Melitaea mixta Evans, 1912, Melitaea saxatilis Christoph, 1873 and Melitaea sutschana Staudinger, 1892. The rest of the haplogroups (11 lineages) belong to a well-known west-palaearctic species Melitaea didyma. The last species is particularly unusual in the haplotypes we obtained. First, it is clearly polyphyletic with respect to COI gene. Second, the differentiation in COI gene between these mostly allopatric (but in few cases sympatric) eleven lineages is extremely high (up to 7.4%), i.e. much deeper than the “standard” DNA barcode species threshold (2.7–3%). This level of divergence normally could correspond not even to different species, but to different genera. Despite this divergence, the bearers of these haplogroups were found to be morphologically indistinguishable and, most importantly, to share absolutely the same ecological niches, i.e. demonstrating the pattern which is hardly compatible with hypothesis of multiple cryptic species. Most likely such a profound irregularity in barcodes is caused by reasons other than speciation and represents an extraordinary example of intra-species barcode variability. Given the deep level of genetic differentiation between the lineages, we assume that there was a long period (up to 5.0 My) of allopatric differentiation when the lineages were separated by geographic or/and ecological barriers and evolved in late Pliocene and Pleistocene refugia of north Africa, the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, the Middle East and Central Asia. We discuss the refugia-within-refugia concept as a mechanism explaining the presence of additional diverged minor haplogroups within the areas of the major haplogroups. We also provide the first record of Melitaea gina in Azerbaijan and the record of Melitaea didyma turkestanica as a new taxon for Russia and Europe.

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DNA barcodes as a tool in biodiversity research: testing pre-existing taxonomic hypotheses in Delphic Apollo butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Karyosystematics and molecular taxonomy of the anomalous blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Karyosystematics and molecular taxonomy of the anomalous blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

A new butterfly species from south Russia revealed through chromosomal and molecular analysis of the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damonides complex (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)

Chromosomal and mitochondrial diversity in Melitaea didyma complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): eleven deeply diverged DNA barcode groups in one non-monophyletic species?

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