DNA and Histone Modifications in Cancer Diagnosis

Kinehara, Masaki; Yamamoto, Yoshiya; Shiroma, Yoshitomo; Ikuo, Mariko; Shimamoto, Akira; Tahara, Hidetoshi

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_19

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 336 publications

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“…The descriptions above indicate that RNA modifications are important for tumorigenesis and aggressiveness in GBM. Chemical modifications in both DNA and proteins have been well studied in cancer biology, and many chemical modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification and EGFR post-translational modifications, as well as some of their modification enzymes have been shown to have clinical significance in both the diagnosis and therapy [148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155]. Importantly, these chemical modifications are also important for GBM diagnosis and therapy [8,[156][157][158].…”

Section: Potential Clinical Implications Of Rna Modifications In Gbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Roles of RNA Modifications in Glioblastoma

Dong

Cui

2020

Cancers

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV glioma that is the most malignant brain tumor type. Currently, there are no effective and sufficient therapeutic strategies for its treatment because its pathological mechanism is not fully characterized. With the fast development of the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, more than 170 kinds of covalent ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications are found to be extensively present in almost all living organisms and all kinds of RNAs, including ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). RNA modifications are also emerging as important modulators in the regulation of biological processes and pathological progression, and study of the epi-transcriptome has been a new area for researchers to explore their connections with the initiation and progression of cancers. Recently, RNA modifications, especially m6A, and their RNA-modifying proteins (RMPs) such as methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), have also emerged as important epigenetic mechanisms for the aggressiveness and malignancy of GBM, especially the pluripotency of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). Although the current study is just the tip of an iceberg, these new evidences will provide new insights for possible GBM treatments. In this review, we summarize the recent studies about RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2′O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), inosine (I) and pseudouridine (ψ) as well as the corresponding RMPs including the writers, erasers and readers that participate in the tumorigenesis and development of GBM, so as to provide some clues for GBM treatment.

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