DNA Amplification for Direct Detection of HIV-1 in DNA of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Ou, Chin-Yih; Kwok, Shirley; Mitchell, Sheila; Mack, David H.; Sninsky, John J.; Krebs, John W.; Feorino, Paul M.; Warfield, Donna T.; Schochetman, Gerald

doi:10.1126/science.3336784

Cited by 953 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…= 1 ). After 15 days (three passages), DNA was prepared and virus-specific DNA amplified with the gag-specific primers SK38 and SK39 and Taq-polymerase (8oehringer-Mannheim) as described (Ou et al, 1988). DNA was separated on a 1 5% polyacrylamide gel and blotted on nitrocellulose.…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 gp120 receptor on CD4-negative brain cells activates a tyrosine kinase

Schneider-Schaulies¹,

Schneider‐Schaulies²,

Brinkmann³

et al. 1992

Virology

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in the human brain Ieads to characteristic neuropathological changes, which may result indirectly from interactions of the envelope glycoprotein gp 120 with neurons and/or glial cells. We therefore investigated the binding of recombinant gp120 (rgp120) to human neural cells and its effect on int~acellular.s.ignallin~. Herewe pre~ent evidence that rgp120, besides binding to galactocerebroside or galactosyl-sulfatlde, spec1f1cally bmds to a protem receptor of a relative molecular mass of approximately 180,000 Da (180 kDa) pre~ent. on the CD4-negative glioma cells D-54, but not on Molt4 T lymphocytes. Binding of rgp120 to this receptor rap1dly 1nduced a tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of 130-and 115-kDa p~oteins. The c~ncentration of intracellular calciumwas not affected by rgp120 in these cells. Our data suggest a novel Signal transduc1ng HIV-1 gp120 receptor on CD4-negative glial cells, which may contribute to the neuropathological changes observed in HIV-1-infected brains.

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Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 gp120 receptor on CD4-negative brain cells activates a tyrosine kinase

Schneider-Schaulies¹,

Schneider‐Schaulies²,

Brinkmann³

et al. 1992

Virology

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“…Those with documented occupationally acquired HIV infection also included individuals infected with HIV strains that are shown to be related to the occupational source through DNA sequencing techniques. 28 Healthcare workers with a history of high-risk behaviors (eg, male-male sexual contact, injection drug use, or heterosexual contact with a known HIV-infected individual) are classified as having documented occupationally acquired infection if the health departments' epidemiologic investigation concluded that an occupational contact was the only exposure to HIV during the period when HIV seroconversion occurred, or if DNA sequencing results showed that the viruses of the healthcare worker and the occupational source were closely related.…”

Section: The National Surveillance For Occupationally Acquired Hiv Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupationally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: National Case Surveillance Data During 20 Years of the HIV Epidemic in the United States

Ciesielski

Metler

et al. 2003

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

174

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Objective:To characterize occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected through case surveillance efforts in the United States.Design:National surveillance systems, based on voluntary case reporting.Setting:Healthcare or laboratory (clinical or research) settings.Patients:Healthcare workers, defined as individuals employed in healthcare or laboratory settings (including students and trainees), who are infected with HIV.Methods:Review of data reported through December 2001 in the HIV/AIDS Reporting System and the National Surveillance for Occupationally Acquired HIV Infection.Results:Of 57 healthcare workers with documented occupationally acquired HIV infection, most (86%) were exposed to blood, and most (88%) had percutaneous injuries. The circumstances varied among 51 percutaneous injuries, with the largest proportion (41%) occurring after a procedure, 35% occurring during a procedure, and 20% occurring during disposal of sharp objects. Unexpected circumstances difficult to anticipate during or after procedures accounted for 20% of all injuries. Of 55 known source patients, most (69%) had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of occupational exposure, but some (11%) had asymptomatic HIV infection. Eight (14%) of the healthcare workers were infected despite receiving postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).Conclusions:Prevention strategies for occupationally acquired HIV infection should continue to emphasize avoiding blood exposures. Healthcare workers should be educated about both the benefits and the limitations of PEP, which does not always prevent HIV infection following an exposure. Technologic advances (eg, safety-engineered devices) may further enhance safety in the healthcare workplace

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“…These assays often yield inconclusive results and may not detect luteovirus infection. Animal virologists have recently used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Saiki et al, 1986(Saiki et al, , 1988 to detect viruses; the PCR amplifies a specific genomic DNA fragment (Ou et al, 1988) which is then analysed using restriction enzymes (Torgersen et al, 1989). Here, we present a similar assay for the detection and identification of a range of distinct luteoviruses using appropriate group-specific primers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%