DMS flux over the Antarctic sea ice zone

Trevena, Anne; Jones, Graham B

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2012.03.001

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Sea ice coverage is simulated dynamically, but ice biogeochemistry is not included in this version. Though sea ice algae could contribute to the DMS production (Zemmelink et al 2008;Trevena and Jones 2012), we do not consider emissions from ice in the present study. The land component is the Community Land Model (CLM4) .…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dimethyl sulfide on the carbon cycle and biological production

et al. 2018

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Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a significant source of marine sulfate aerosol and plays an important role in modifying cloud properties. Fully coupled climate simulations using dynamic marine ecosystem and DMS calculations are conducted to estimate DMS fluxes under various climate scenarios and to examine the sign and strength of phytoplankton-DMS-climate feedbacks for the first time. Simulation results show small differences in the DMS production and emissions between pre-industrial and present climate scenarios, except for some areas in the Southern Ocean. There are clear changes in surface ocean DMS concentrations moving into the future, and they are attributable to changes in phytoplankton production and competition driven by complex spatially varying mechanisms. Comparisons between parallel simulations with and without DMS fluxes into the atmosphere show significant differences in marine ecosystems and physical fields. Without DMS, the missing subsequent aerosol indirect effects on clouds and radiative forcing lead to fewer clouds, more solar radiation, and a much warmer climate. Phaeocystis, a uniquely efficient organosulfur producer with a growth advantage under cooler climate states, can benefit from producing the compound through cooling effects of DMS in the climate system. Our results show a tight coupling between the sulfur and carbon cycles. The ocean carbon uptake declines without DMS emissions to the atmosphere. The analysis indicates a weak positive phytoplankton-DMS-climate feedback at the global scale, with large spatial variations driven by individual autotrophic functional groups and complex mechanisms. The sign and strength of the feedback vary with climate states and phytoplankton groups. This highlights the importance of a dynamic marine ecosystem module and the sulfur cycle mechanism in climate projections.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dimethyl sulfide on the carbon cycle and biological production

et al. 2018

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“…Melting of sea ice considerably increases the concentration of DMS in surface waters of the polar ocean either through the direct release of DMS(P) or through the onset of phytoplankton blooms [Levasseur et al, 1994;Curran and Jones, 2000;Trevena and Jones, 2006;Trevena and Jones, 2012]. These pulses of DMS(P) may considerably increase the regional oceanic DMS emissions [see Levasseur et al, 1994;Tison et al, 2010 andJones, 2012 for estimates].…”

Section: Other Climatically Significant Gases: Dms N 2 O and Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pulses of DMS(P) may considerably increase the regional oceanic DMS emissions [see Levasseur et al, 1994;Tison et al, 2010 andJones, 2012 for estimates]. Also of particular interest is the direct venting of DMS from sea ice.…”

Section: Other Climatically Significant Gases: Dms N 2 O and Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

215

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International audienceObservations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the sea ice; (ii) fluid and gas exchanges at the sea ice interface through an often permeable sea ice cover; and (iii) tight physical, biological and chemical interactions between the sea ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. Photosynthetic micro-organisms in sea ice thrive in liquid brine inclusions encased in a pure ice matrix, where they find suitable light and nutrient levels. They extend the production season, provide a winter and early spring food source, and contribute to organic carbon export to depth. Under-ice and ice edge phytoplankton blooms occur when ice retreats, favoured by increasing light, stratification, and by the release of material into the water column. In particular, the release of iron - highly concentrated in sea ice - could have large effects in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. The export of inorganic carbon transport by brine sinking below the mixed layer, calcium carbonate precipitation in sea ice, as well as active ice-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes, could play a central role in the marine carbon cycle. Sea ice processes could also significantly contribute to the sulphur cycle through the large production by ice algae of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of sulphate aerosols, which as cloud condensation nuclei have a potential cooling effect on the planet. Finally, the sea ice zone supports significant ocean-atmosphere methane (CH₄) fluxes, while saline ice surfaces activate springtime atmospheric bromine chemistry, setting ground for tropospheric ozone depletion events observed near both poles. All these mechanisms are generally known, but neither precisely understood nor quantified at large scales. As polar regions are rapidly changing, understanding the large-scale polar marine biogeochemical processes and their future evolution is of high priority. Earth system models should in this context prove essential, but they currently represent sea ice as biologically and chemically inert. Palaeoclimatic proxies are also relevant, in particular the sea ice proxies, inferring past sea ice conditions from glacial and marine sediment core records and providing analogues for future changes. Being highly constrained by marine biogeochemistry, sea ice proxies would not only contribute to but also benefit from a better understanding of polar marine biogeochemical cycles

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“…A high wind speed was recorded over the Norwegian Sea (Table A1). A high wind speed would accelerate the sea-air exchange of DMS [33]. Thus, high concentrations of MSA over the Norwegian Sea may be ascribed to the existence of relatively high Phaeocystis concentrations and high DMS fluxes.…”

Section: Phytoplankton Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Methanesulphonic Acid in the Arctic Aerosol Collected during the Chinese Arctic Research Expedition

Xie

et al. 2015

Atmosphere

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Methanesulphonic acid (MSA, mainly derived from marine biogenic emissions) has been frequently used to estimate the marine biogenic contribution. However, there are few reports on MSA over the Arctic Ocean, especially the central Arctic Ocean. Here, we analyzed MSA in aerosol samples collected over the ocean and seas during the Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE 2012) using ion chromatography. The aerosol MSA concentrations over the Arctic Ocean varied considerably and ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 229 ng/m 3 , with an average of 27 ± 54 ng/m 3 (median: 10 ng/m 3 ). We found the distribution of aerosol MSA exhibited an obvious regional variation, which was affected by biotic and abiotic factors. High values were generally observed in the Norwegian Sea; this phenomenon was attributed to high rates of phytoplankton primary productivity and dimethylsulfide (DMS) fluxes in this region. Concentrations over the pack ice region in the central Arctic Ocean were generally lower than over the open waters at the ice edge in the Chukchi Sea. This difference was the mainly caused by sea ice. In addition, we found that higher MSA concentrations were associated with warmer sea surface temperature (SST).

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DMS flux over the Antarctic sea ice zone

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Influence of dimethyl sulfide on the carbon cycle and biological production

Influence of dimethyl sulfide on the carbon cycle and biological production

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Spatial Distribution of Methanesulphonic Acid in the Arctic Aerosol Collected during the Chinese Arctic Research Expedition

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