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Estimation of Threshold Fluence, Absorption Coefficient and Thermal Loading of Car Coated Substrate in Laser Paint Removal

“…This is because the composition of C and O elements into the surface coating layer of sample C is quite balance but becomes imbalance when the coating start to remove. The balancing of C and O elements composition into the surface coating layer will be triggering the absorption of laser beam for rapid paint removal process, where the resolidification of carbonization process is less, [18][19][20][21]. Sample A and B which considered imbalance in their C and O elements composition into the surface coating layers were increased the F T at initial state of stripping process and hence slower the ϵ process as shown in Table 2.…”

Employing Mediation to Approach Truants

“…99 Many blame the juvenile court's inability to benefit juveniles and society on the ever growing court docket, which prevents courts from being receptive to minors, who are each individually unique. 100 At any rate, experts perceive status offense cases such as truancy to require handling methods other than the courts 101 and as being a distraction to courts that need to handle more serious offenders. 102 States have also found the juvenile justice system to be failing and inadequate because it often confuses its two conflicting goals: punishment and rehabilitation.…”

“…244 Mentioned earlier, levels of truancy may be established in order to better correlate treatment to the degree of truancy, level of crisis, identity of the participants (gang or group conflict), or community served. 245 It may be a concern to a community not to down play critical cases or blow out of proportion small cases. 246 States that define truancy as three unexcused absences or partial absences within a set time period send a message to students that school attendance is important, leave less students unexamined, and have a greater chance of solving problems that link to truancy.…”

“…252 In order to promote the use of mediation, it must be instructed that a guideline of mediation is that any information involved in the mediation session can not be offered as evidence against any party in subsequent court proceedings. 253 Young persons can often be intimidated in conferences with adults, may not have the vocabulary to express themselves adequately, and may not understand phrases or concepts raised by adults. 254 Thus to maintain the mediation's effectiveness, mediators should utilize at least one meeting with the individual parties before the actual mediation effort to assess the youth's communication and assertiveness skills.…”

“…263 It is critical to remember that mediation is not a replacement for therapy aimed at changing chronic behavior, mending emotions, or changing personality patterns. 264 Thus, funds are necessary in order to provide these resources, if necessary, while the causes of the truant's problems are known and treatable. Assistance in issues of difficulty (e.g., indigent, lack of clothing, babysitter, food, rehabilitation) may be necessary and could result in extreme progress of a particular child's school habits.…”