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Effects of microscale damage evolution on piezoresistive sensing in nanocomposite bonded explosives under dynamic loading via electromechanical peridynamics

“…The mechanical properties and grain size of granular sugar are very similar to grains of typical explosives like HMX (see table 1), which are generally linear, elastic and brittle at ambient temperatures [43]. Although sugar and HMX are alike with respect to mechanical properties, sugar is electrically non-conducting [79] unlike HMX and other explosive grains, which are found to be conducting in nature [11,80]. There are also some materials like ammonium perchlorate used in both mock and real energetics that are non-conducting [81].…”

“…Therefore, to understand the effect of grain conductivity, both conducting and non-conducting grains are considered in the simulations presented herein. Electrical conductivity measurements for explosive crystals are not readily available in the literature, however there are some bounds for the overall electrical conductivity of PBXs [11,80]. Therefore, some intermediate values of electrical conductivity within those bounds are suitably used for the grains (500 and 1000 S m −1 ).…”

TV‐Tipp

“…Aluminum powder can be added to explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics compositions to improve their performances. It improves the blast effect of explosives and their underwater performances 5–7. In the presented study, aluminized TNT composites having TNT/Al molar ratio of 1/1 and 1/2 were considered, which correspond to 89.38 TNT (10.61 Al) and 80.80 TNT (19.19 Al) weight percentages, respectively.…”

Interaction of TNT and Aluminum – A DFT Treatment

“…It improves the blast effect of explosives and their underwater performances. [5][6][7] In the presented study, aluminized TNT , doublet state occurs for TNT/Al composition and singlet or triplet states arise for TNT/2Al case. The singlet and triplet configurations are dictated by the two aluminum atoms having spin parallel or spin antiparallel arrangement of unpaired 3p electron of them.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] It might be used in composites for increasing the performance by the high additional heat of combustion. [7] The heat of combustion of Al is -1669 kJ·mol -1 (α, corundum Al 2 O 3 ).…”