“…A different four-component reaction of benzaldehyde, malononitrile, the dimer of malononitrile, and piperidine or morpholine was used to prepare substituted 1,6-naphthyridines 229 (Scheme 63) 174. Thienobipyridines 231 were prepared by several different multicomponent reactions (Scheme 64): tetrahydropyridines 230, malononitrile, and acetone (Method A); Michael adducts 232, malononitrile, and acetone (Method B); aldehydes, Meldrum's acid (213), cyanothioacetamide, malononitrile, and acetone (Method C); and tetrahydropyridines 230, unsaturated nitrile 233, and acetone (Method D) 175,176. In reviewing the available information on the multicomponent reactions of cyanoacetic acid derivatives with car-bonyl compounds, it is important to recognize that the applications of such reactions are far from being exhausted.…”