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Of, Chernova

doi:10.1023/a:1022067527584

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The size of the pores is marked for each taxon. In some cases, the walls of the large pores have smaller pores inside (e.g., Asian palm civets) (Chernova, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the pores were common and plentiful on the cell walls of Carnivora, their sizes varied among members of different families (Chernova, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medulla had two morphologies: ladder and non‐columnar; the latter had thick and thin‐walled medulla. The non‐columnar thick‐walled medulla was unique to Suiformes, while the thin‐walled medulla was unique to Ruminantia and Carnivora; the variable‐mesh medulla was found in Bovidae and Carnivora (Chernova, 2003). The medulla cells range in texture from smooth to porous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of the pores is marked for each taxon. In some cases, the walls of the large pores have smaller pores inside (e.g., Asian palm civets) (Chernova, 2003). While the pores were common and plentiful on the cell walls of Carnivora, their sizes varied among members of different families (Chernova, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light and scanning electron microscopic characterization of the Egyptian buffalo hair in relation to age with analysis by SEM‐EDX

El‐Gendy

Derbalah

El‐Mansi

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a relationship between the microstructure and measurements of Egyptian buffalo hair and age. The buffalo studied ranged in age from young to premature to adult (3–8 months, 1.5–3, 4–6, and 8–10 years). The hair was collected from the animals' withers. Cuticle elements were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. Hair shaft diameter increased with age, according to SEM and light microscopy measurements. The values of shaft diameter obtained by SEM of the same animal were 64%–67% of the values obtained by light microscopy due to shrinkage of the hair during the drying process. Additional microscopy measurements revealed that the width of the cortex and medulla increased with age, while the width of the cuticle decreased slightly. The medulla index of four different age groups ranged from 0.56 to 0.61 μm. The average distance between successive scale values increased from 4.83 μm in the young group to 8.86 μm between the ages of 8 and 10 years. The scale pattern had a distinct personality at each stage of age. The hair medulla was in the center and consisted of a mesh‐like structure with large pores divided into smaller pores by septa. The cortex was a bundle of fibers that wrapped around the medulla. Light microscopy revealed small oval granules and large streak‐like granules in the cortex. EDX spectra revealed that carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen were shown to be more abundant in all age groups of buffalo. In buffalo hair, oxygen was the second most abundant element after carbon. The carbon mass in the examined samples decreased slightly with age (42.31%, 39.18%, 38.88%, and 38.49%), while oxygen increased with age. We concluded that hair measurements varied with age, scale microstructure, and elements, so we estimated buffalo animals' ages up to 10 years. Highlights The goal was to show a link between the microstructure and measurements of Egyptian buffalo hair and age. Hair shaft diameter increased with age, according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy measurements. The hair shaft diameter obtained by light microscopy was higher than that obtained by scanning electron microscopy of the same animal; we hypothesized that the difference in hair shaft diameter measured by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the same animal was due to the shrinkage of the hair during the drying process. The width of the cortex and medulla increased with age, while the width of the cuticle decreased slightly. The average distance between successive scale values increased from 4.83 μm in the young group to 8.86 μm between 8 and 10 years old. At each stage of age, the scale pattern had a distinct personality. Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen were found to be more abundant in the hair of buffalo of all ages and were detected using energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectra. After carbon, oxygen was the second most abundant element in buffalo hair. The carbon mass in the samples studi...

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“…The size of the pores is marked for each taxon. In some cases, the walls of the large pores have smaller pores inside (e.g., Asian palm civets) (Chernova, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the pores were common and plentiful on the cell walls of Carnivora, their sizes varied among members of different families (Chernova, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Light and scanning electron microscopic characterization of the Egyptian buffalo hair in relation to age with analysis by SEM‐EDX

El‐Gendy

Derbalah

El‐Mansi

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Microscopic morphological identification of mammalian hairs poses several challenges due to marked somatic variation that occurs within species, breeds, individuals and among body regions in the same animal (Moore, 1988; Van den Broeck, Mortier & Simoens, 2000; Sahajpal et al, 2008; Davis, Brummer & Shivik, 2010; Czyz et al, 2012; Tridico et al, 2014). Identification at the species or even genus level requires extensive training and experience of the examiner (Ciucci & Reggioni, 2003; Tridico et al, 2014), application of multiple analytical methods (Teerink, 1991; Chernova, 2001; Chernova, 2003; Debelica & Thies, 2009) and a vouchered collection of reference specimens for comparison with questioned samples. Sometimes, even when all these conditions have been met, only an identification at the family level can be obtained with some degree of confidence (Gonzalez, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined morphological and molecular approach for hair identification to comply with the European ban on dog and cat fur trade

Mariacher

Garofalo

Fanelli

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Animal furs are encountering more and more the detriment of public opinion, that is increasingly sensitive to animals, their welfare and protection. The feeling of outrage against animal suffering is particularly intense when cats and dogs are involved, since these are the most popular pets in Western countries. However, in some Asian countries breeding of dogs and cats for the fur industry is a common practice. These furs and their finished garments are often mislabelled in order to be imported and sold to unaware consumers in Western countries. The European Union has issued the Regulation 1523/2007, which bans the use and trade of dog and cat furs. The main purposes of the Regulation were to normalise the internal market and to address the concerns of European consumers about the risk of inadvertently buying products containing these species. The Regulation states that several analytical methods (microscopy, DNA testing and mass spectrometry) can be used to exclude dogs and cats as source species, but an official analytical protocol was not provided. In this paper, we report on the development of a reliable and affordable method for species identification in furs, based on a combined morphological and molecular approach. Our protocol provides an initial morphological analysis as a time and cost effective screening test. Only samples that are morphologically not excluded as canid/felid furs, based on few selected microscopic features, are then submitted to DNA testing. The application of this protocol on seized furs reached 92% identification of species. Our approach assists in identifying frauds and reinforcing the ban on dog and cat fur trade, allowing (1) rapid inexpensive recognition of fake furs, (2) exclusion of non-canid/non-felid furs through fast microscopic morphological screening, (3) overall cost reduction with lower number of samples to be submitted to DNA analysis, (4) analytical protocol to stand in court in case criminal sanctions are to be applied.

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Permeability of hair to cadmium, copper and lead in five species of terrestrial mammals and implications in biomonitoring

Rendón-Lugo

Santiago²,

Puente-Lee

et al. 2017

Environ Monit Assess

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The capacity of mammal hair to absorb toxic metals and its utility in biomonitoring has been broadly studied. Though these metal-binding properties has generally been attributed to the sulphur contained in cysteine, an amino acid that forms part of keratin, there are not many experimental studies that analyze the role of sulphur in the external deposition of potentially toxic metallic elements in order to better understand the potential of hair in biomonitoring and generate better tools for differentiating between internal and external deposition of contaminants. In this study, an experimental analysis is carried out using a scanning electron microscope on hairs of five terrestrial mammal species (Peromyscus furvus, P. maniculatus, Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus jamaicensis and Marmosa mexicana) treated with cadmium, copper and lead salts. We quantified absorbed metals as well as natural elements of the hair by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze using simple statistics the role of sulphur in the absorption Cd, Cu and Pb. Given the lack of studies comparing the mechanisms of deposition of metal elements among different orders of Class Mammalia, external morphology was considered to be an important factor in the deposition of metallic particles of Cd, Cu and Pb. Bat species (Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus jamaicensis) showed a high concentration of particles in their scales, however, no between-species differences in metal absorption were observed, and during the exogenous deposition metal particles do not permeate the medulla. These results suggest that the sulphur in hair itself cannot bind metals to hair cuticle and that hair absorption capacity depends on a variety of factors such as aspects of hair morphology.

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Untitled

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Light and scanning electron microscopic characterization of the Egyptian buffalo hair in relation to age with analysis by SEM‐EDX

Light and scanning electron microscopic characterization of the Egyptian buffalo hair in relation to age with analysis by SEM‐EDX

A combined morphological and molecular approach for hair identification to comply with the European ban on dog and cat fur trade

Permeability of hair to cadmium, copper and lead in five species of terrestrial mammals and implications in biomonitoring

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